Government of Ukraine

50°26′52.0″N 30°32′1.4″E The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Кабінет Міністрів України, romanized: Kabinet Ministriv Ukrainy; shortened to CabMin), commonly referred to as the Government of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Уряд України, Uriad Ukrainy), is the highest body of state executive power in Ukraine.[2] As the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR, it was formed on 18 April 1991, by the Law of Ukrainian SSR No.980-XII. Vitold Fokin was approved as the first Prime Minister of Ukraine.

Cabinet of Ministers
Overview
Established28 June 1917 (1917-06-28) (originally)
18 April 1991 (1991-04-18) (current form)
State Ukraine
LeaderPrime Minister
Appointed byVerkhovna Rada
Main organCabinet of Ministers
Ministries17
Responsible toPresident and the Verkhovna Rada
HeadquartersGovernment Building
Hrushevsky Street, Kyiv[1]
Websitewww.kmu.gov.ua/en

The cabinet is a collegiate body consisting of the cabinet's "presidium" composed of the Prime Minister of Ukraine and their vice prime ministers as well as other ministers who participate and vote on sessions of the cabinet. The prime minister presides over the cabinet. Some vice prime ministers may be appointed as the first vice prime ministers. Unlike the Soviet period of the government when presidium was actually a functioning institution, the current government presidium is nominal and vice prime ministers do not have much advantage over other ministers. All government decisions are being voted for and adopted at the sessions of the cabinet by ministers only or heads of central offices of executive authority with ministerial status. The Secretariat of Cabinet of Ministers ensures the operations of the cabinet, while the National Agency of Ukraine for Civil Service provides human resources of government officials.

The basic unit of government administration in Ukraine is a central office of executive authority (central executive office) which may be granted ministerial status. Each such central office of executive authority is chaired by its head (holova). Many central offices of executive authority without ministerial status may be part of a government ministry, while others function separately or support either the President of Ukraine or the Verkhovna Rada (parliament). Central offices of executive authority without ministerial status are designated either as services, agencies, or inspections. Selected central offices of executive authority are granted a "special status". Only very few central executive offices are designated as funds, committees or otherwise.

The current Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine is the Shmyhal Government that was formed on 4 March 2020, led by Denys Shmyhal.[3]

Scope

The number of ministries in the cabinet has changed over time, some ministries were abolished, others combined with others or degraded to state committees or agencies. Each ministry is in charge of other government sub-departments. There are three basic types of government sub-departments known as "central offices (organs) of executive authority": services, agencies, inspections. Beside the basic government sub-departments there also other government sub-departments which were granted a special status. Among such sub-departments there are various government committees, government commissions, government funds, and other institutions. Sub-departments may be elevated to ministerial status by their reorganization and, vice versa, government ministries may degraded to sub-departments (e.g. Ministry of Emergencies was degraded to a sub-department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs).

The Cabinet is responsible to the President of Ukraine and is under the control of, and is held accountable to, the Verkhovna Rada. The Cabinet consists of the Prime Minister, the First Vice-Prime Minister, three[4] Vice-Prime Ministers, and other Ministers, who head their assigned Ministries (departments). At one time, there also was an institute of "state ministries", this institute being abolished on 25 February 1992 by the Presidential Decree (#98). The Secretariat of Cabinet of Ministers (or Minister of the Cabinet of Ministers) supports the effective operation of the government.[5] Structural part of the secretariat is also the office of the Prime Minister of Ukraine.

Public relations

Parts of Cabinet meetings are broadcast live on Ukrainian TV.[6]

Since August 2016, Ukrainians can sign and submit electronic petitions to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine "to (assist with) the formation of the priorities of state policy and management decision-making".[7] To be considered, the petition must get at least 25,000 votes three months from the date of publication.[7]

Reforms and "optimizations"

According to Oleksandr Zapadynchuk, the process of establishing an administrative system in an already independent Ukraine started in the spring of 1991 when the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (in place of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR) was created, with new members of the government being appointed, as well as a new government office being formed.[8] Until the adaptation of the Constitution of Ukraine in 1996, the government of Ukraine was ruled by the 1978 Constitution of Ukraine (the Ukrainian SSR).[8] Also, the 1978 Constitution ruled that the President of Ukraine (an office created in 1991) is a head of state and a head of government (executive power) (Article 114-1).[9][8] At the same time, the government headed by Prime Minister de facto remained independent and detached from the President, a state institution which had to function governed by its own programme.[8]

Duties and authority
Government Building, 12/2, Hrushevsky Street, Kyiv[10]

The duties of the Cabinet of Ministers are described in Article 116 of the Constitution of Ukraine. Members of the government (cabinet) are citizens of Ukraine, who have the right of vote, higher education, and possess the state language (Ukrainian language). The members of the government cannot have judgement against them that has not been extinguished and taken away in the established legal order. Members of the Cabinet and chief officers of central and local bodies of executive power may not combine their official activity with other work, except teaching, scholarly and creative activity outside working hours, and/or to be members of an administrative body or board of supervisors of an enterprise that is aimed at making profit. In case if a People's Deputy of Ukraine was appointed to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine they resign as a member of parliament and their letter of resignation is reviewed immediately at the next session of the Verkhovna Rada.

At the sessions of the Cabinet may participate the President of Ukraine or their representative. During the plenary sessions of the Verkhovna Rada, the People's Deputies of Ukraine have the Time of questions to the Government during which the whole Cabinet participates and answers to all queries of members of the Verkhovna Rada.

Authority

The Cabinet issues resolutions and orders that are mandatory for execution. Normative legal acts of the Cabinet, ministries, and other central bodies of executive power are subject to registration. Failure to register invalidates the act. (see Article 117) The Cabinet also possesses the power of legislative initiative and may introduce its own bills to the Verkhovna Rada. The members of Cabinet and deputy ministers may be present at the sessions of the parliament and participate in discussions. Every year no later than 15 September the Cabinet submits a bill on the State Budget of Ukraine to the Verkhovna Rada.

The sessions of the Cabinet are considered plenipotentiary if more than a half of the Cabinet's members participate in them. In case if a minister cannot participate at the sessions they may be replaced by a deputy with a consultative capacity. On propositions of other members of the Cabinet a consultative capacity may be awarded to other participants who allowed at the sessions of the Cabinet. Over the sessions presides the Prime Minister of Ukraine, while in his(hers) absent – the First Vice Prime Minister.

The decisions of the Cabinet are adopted by the majority of the Cabinet's composition. In case of votes equality the vote of the Prime Minister is considered to be decisive.

Heads of regional government (including the Presidential representative of Ukraine in Crimea) are appointed by the President of Ukraine on the submission of the Cabinet of Ministers for the term of office of the Head of the State.[11]

Appointment and dismissal

The Verkhovna Rada has five days to approve the Prime Minister after the President proposes a candidate.[12] A vote in Parliament is required to approve or dismiss any government minister.[13] The President or one-third of members of parliament can initiate a vote of no confidence, but only once in a parliament session.[14]

The entire Cabinet has to be dismissed following the Prime Minister's resignation.[15] But a Cabinet's resignation cannot be considered within a year of the Cabinet's approval of its program of activities, meaning a Cabinet dismissal can not done in its first year of existence.[16]

The President can order the Cabinet to carry out its duties for up to 60 days until a new Cabinet begins to work.[15][17]

The composition of Cabinet is determined by the Parliament of Ukraine on the petition of the Prime Minister (with exception of Minister of Defence and Minister of Foreign Affairs, which candidates are proposed by the President). The legislation on Labor and State Service do not cover regulations of Cabinet's members. Positions of Cabinet of Ministers are political and are regulated by the Constitution of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine on the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.

The Verkhovna Rada terminates the powers of members of parliament appointed to the Cabinet of Ministers.[18]

2004 Constitutional amendments

The 2004 Constitutional amendments are also erroneously known as the 2004 Constitution of Ukraine. The following amendments were procedurally adopted however as amendments rather than as constitution which requires approval of 2/3 parliament.

Under the terms of Article 83 of Ukraine's Constitution a governing coalition needs to be formed by factions (rather than by individuals) that represent a majority of the parliament, a "coalition of parliamentary factions" (Ukrainian: Коаліція парламентських партій).[19] A February 2010 law on the parliament's regulations does demand both a decision by the factions and 226 signatures by members of parliament.[20] On 1 October 2010, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine declared the constitutional amendments of 2004 illegal, thus abolishing the principle of coalition creation in the parliament.[21][22] In February 2014 the parliament passed a law that reinstated the 2004 amendments of the constitution.[23] Three days later they also terminated the powers of five judges of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine appointed from the parliament's quota, for violating their oath.[24]

Cabinet
Main article: Shmyhal Government
Nominating
party key		 Servant of the People
Presidential nominations President Volodymyr Zelensky
Logo Office Incumbent[25]
Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal
First Vice Prime Minister Oleksiy Liubchenko (20 May 2021 – 3 November 2021)[26][27]
Yulia Svyrydenko (since 4 November 2021)
Vice Prime Minister (European and Euro-Atlantic Integration) Vadym Prystaiko (4 March 2020 – 4 June 2020)
Olha Stefanishyna (since 4 June 2020)[28]
Vice Prime Minister

Minister of Strategic Industries

 Oleh Urusky (16 July 2020 – 3 November 2021)[29][30]
Pavlo Riabikin (4 November 2021 - 20 March 2023[31])
Oleksandr Kamyshin (since 21 March 2023[32])
Vice Prime Minister (Innovation, Education, Science and Technology)

Minister of Digital Transformation

 Mykhailo Fedorov[lower-alpha 1] (formally dismissed on 20 March 2023,[31] but reinstated with expanded portfolio the following day[32])
Vice Prime Minister

Minister of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories

 Oleksii Reznikov (until 3 November 2021)
Iryna Vereshchuk (since 4 November 2021)
Minister of Internal Affairs Arsen Avakov (until 15 July 2021)[34]
Denys Monastyrsky (16 July 2021 – 18 January 2023)[35][36]
Ihor Klymenko (since 7 February 2023;[37] acting 18 January 2023[38] – 7 February 2023)
Minister of Foreign Affairs Dmytro Kuleba (since 4 March 2020)
Minister for Veterans Affairs Serhiy Bessarab (until 16 December 2020)[39]
Yulia Laputina (since 18 December 2020)[40]
Minister of Youth and Sports Vadym Gutzeit (since 4 March 2020)
Minister of Finance Ihor Umanskyi (4 March 2020 – 30 March 2020)
Serhiy Marchenko (since 30 March 2020)
Minister of Infrastructure Vladyslav Krykliy (18 May 2021 parliament dismissed Krykliy as Minister)[41][lower-alpha 2]
Oleksandr Kubrakov (since 20 May 2021)[43]
Minister of Social Policy Maryna Lazebna (4 March 2020 – 18 July 2022)
Oksana Zholnovych (since 19 July 2022)
Minister of Justice Denys Maliuska[lower-alpha 3] (since 29 August 2019)
Minister of Defence Andriy Taran (until 3 November 2021)[45]
Oleksii Reznikov (4 November 2021 – 5 September 2023)
Rustem Umierov (since 6 September 2023)[46]
 Minister of Healthcare Illia Yemets (4 March 2020 – 30 March 2020)
Maksym Stepanov (30 March 2020 – 18 May 2021)[47]
Viktor Liashko (since 20 May 2021)[48]
Minister of Education and Science Yuriy Polyukhovych (acting 4 March 2020 – 25 March 2020)
Lubomyra Mandziy (acting 25 March 2020 – 25 June 2020)
Serhiy Shkarlet (acting until 17 December 2020 - 20 March 2023[31][49][50])
Oksen Lisovyi (since 21 March 2023[32])
Minister of Energy Vitaliy Shubin (acting 11 March 2020 – 16 April 2020)[51]
Olha Buslavets (acting minister 16 April 2020 – 20 November 2020)[51]
Yuriy Boyko (acting minister 20 November 2020 – 21 December 2020)[52]
Yuriy Vitrenko (acting 21 December 2020 – 29 April 2021)[53]
German Galushchenko (since 29 April 2021)[54]
Minister of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Roman Abramovsky (19 June 2020 – 3 November 2021)[55][56]
Ruslan Strilets (acting until 14 April 2022)[57]
Minister of Economic Development and Trade Pavlo Kukhta (acting 4 March 2020 – 17 March 2020)
Ihor Petrashko (17 March 2020 – 18 May 2021)[58]
Oleksiy Liubchenko (20 May 2021 – 3 November 2021)[27]
Yulia Svyrydenko (since 4 November 2021)
Minister of Agrarian Policy and Food Roman Leshchenko (17 December 2020 – 24 March 2022)[59]
Mykola Solskyi (since 24 March 2022[60])
Minister of Culture and Information Policy Svitlana Fomenko (acting 10 March 2020 – 4 June 2020)
Oleksandr Tkachenko (4 June 2020 – 27 July 2023)[61][62]
Minister of the Cabinet of Ministers Oleh Nemchinov (since 4 March 2020)
Minister of Communities and Territories Development Oleksiy Chernyshov (4 March 2020 – 3 November 2022)

Oleksandr Kubrakov (since 2 December 2022; as Minister of Development of Communities, Territories and Infrastructure[63])

Other Central Offices (Agencies) of Executive Authority

Presidential state agencies
See also: President of Ukraine

Separate central offices (agencies) of Executive Authority

National commissions (regulatory agencies)

Advisory bodies

Government press media

Previous (historic) executive assemblies

Alternative governments

Former and originally established ministries
Further information: Government ministries of Ukraine

Notes
  1. Fedorov is a non-partisan member of Ukrainian parliament and government.[33]
  2. Krykliy was a non-partisan member of Ukrainian parliament and government.[42]
  3. Maliuska is a non-partisan member of Ukrainian parliament and government.[44]

References
  1. "Official CMU website. Address". March 2017.
  2. "Article 116". Wikisource. Archived from the original on 25 March 2007. Retrieved 23 December 2007.
  3. Talant, Bermet (6 March 2020). "Hasty government reshuffle sows disquiet at home, abroad". Kyiv Post.
  4. "Yanukovych dismisses Sivkovych and Slauta as vice-premiers". 13 October 2010.
  5. Yanukovych appoints new Cabinet of Ministers, Kyiv Post (24 December 2007)
  6. First National Channel to broadcast governmental meetings, Kyiv Post (19 May 2010)
  7. Ukrainians can submit e-petitions to Cabinet from Aug 29, UNIAN (29 August 2016)
  8. Zapadinchuk, O.P. Optimization of the central executive authorities in the context of administrative reform. National Academy for Public Administration
  9. The 1978 Constitution of Ukraine. Verkhovna Rada.
  10. "Official CMU website. Building address". March 2017.
  11. Ukraine's govt approves dismissal of Odesa region governor Stepanov, disloyal to Poroshenko, 112 Ukraine (10 April 2019)
  12. Azarov out for now or out for good as prime minister?, Kyiv Post (3 December 2012)
  13. Political Explainer: Ukraine’s System of Government, VoxUkraine
  14. "Про Кабінет Міністрів України". Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України.
  15. NSDC secretary sees Azarov as likely candidate for premiership, Kyiv Post (3 December 2012)
  16. (in Ukrainian) Tymoshenko wants change of power: "Let them return to their 95s", Ukrayinska Pravda (16 January 2020)
  17. Serhiy Arbuzov to head Ukraine govt pending premier's appointment, Interfax-Ukraine (6 February 2014)
  18. Rada terminates mandates of Yatsenyuk, eight members of parliament appointed ministers, Kyiv Post (2 December 2014)
  19. Excerpt from April 12 press conference, Responsibility. Lawfulness. People’s Choice Archived 14 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Press office of President Victor Yushchenko (12 April 2007)
  20. Factions' approval, 226 signatures needed to form coalition in Ukraine's parliament, Kyiv Post (12 February 2010)
  21. Summary to the Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine No. 20-rp/2010 dated 30 September 2010 Archived 26 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  22. Update: Return to 1996 Constitution strengthens president, raises legal questions, Kyiv Post (1 October 2010)
  23. Ukrainian parliament reinstates 2004 Constitution, Interfax-Ukraine (21 February 2014)
  24. Rada dismisses Constitutional Court judges appointed from its quota, proposes acting president and congress of judges dismiss the rest, Interfax-Ukraine (24 February 2014)
  25. A New Government for Ukraine: One Female Minister and "Indispensable" Arsen Avakov, Hromadske.TV (4 March 2020)
  26. Rada dismisses Liubchenko from post of First Dpty PM, Economy Minister, Interfax-Ukraine (3 November 2021)
  27. Rada appoints Liubchenko as First Dpty PM, Minister of Economy – 293 affirmative votes, Interfax-Ukraine (21 May 2021)
  28. Rada with 255 votes backs appointment of Stefanyshyna as deputy PM for European Integration, Interfax-Ukraine (4 June 2020)
  29. Parliament dismisses Deputy Prime Minister Urusky, Ukrinform (3 November 2021)
  30. Urusky appointed Ukraine's deputy PM, minister for strategic industrial sectors, UNIAN (16 July 2020)
  31. "Verkhovna Rada dismisses three ministers". Ukrayinska Pravda. 20 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  32. "The Verkhovna Rada appointed two ministers and a deputy prime minister". Ukrayinska Pravda (in Ukrainian). 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  33. Mykhailo Fedorov. Central Election Commission.
  34. Rada supports Avakov's resignation, Interfax-Ukraine (15 July 2021)
  35. Parliament appoints Monastyrsky as Ukraine's interior minister, Ukrinform (16 July 2021)
  36. "Ukraine crash: Ministers killed as helicopter comes down near nursery". BBC News. 18 January 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  37. (in Ukrainian) National deputies voted for the new head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ukrainska Pravda (7 February 2023)
  38. "Government appoints acting Minister of Internal Affairs". www.kmu.gov.ua. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
    "Уряд призначив Клименка виконувачем обов'язків міністра внутрішніх справ" [The government appointed Klymenko as acting minister of internal affairs]. www.ukrinform.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  39. (in Ukrainian) The council fired the veterans' minister, Ukrayinska Pravda (16 December 2020)
  40. Laputina appointed as Ukraine's minister for veterans afffairs, Ukrinform (18 December 2020)
  41. Ukrainian parliament accepts Infrastructure Ministry's resignation, UNIAN (18 May 2021)
  42. Vladyslav Krykliy. Central Election Commission.
  43. Kubrakov appointed Ukraine's new Infrastructure Minister, UNIAN (20 May 2021)
  44. Denys Maliuska. Central Election Commission.
  45. Verkhovna Rada dismisses Defense Minister Andriy Taran, Ukrinform (3 November 2021)
  46. Harmash, Olena; Dysa, Yuliia; Polityuk, Pavel; Heritage, Timothy. "Ukraine's parliament approves ex-lawmaker Rustem Umerov as defence minister". Reuters. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  47. "People's deputies dismissed Stepanov". Ukrayinska Pravda (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  48. Liashko appointed Ukraine's new Health Minister, UNIAN (20 May 2021)
  49. Shkarlet appointed Ukraine's education minister, Ukrinform (17 December 2020)
  50. (in Ukrainian) Plagiarist and lover of expensive cars at public expense Scarlett became acting Minister of Education and Science, Ukrayinska Pravda (25 June 2020)
  51. Ukraine's government appoints Olha Buslavets acting energy minister, UNIAN (16 April 2020)
  52. Cabinet goes for top reshuffle in energy ministry, UNIAN (20 November 2020)
  53. (in Ukrainian) The government appointed Vitrenko acting Minister of Energy, Ukrayinska Pravda (21 December 2020)
  54. (in Ukrainian) The Rada appointed Galushchenko Minister of Energy, Ekononominska Pravda (29 April 2021)
  55. MPs dismiss Abramovsky as Ukraine's environment minister, Ukrinform (3 November 2021)
  56. Ukraine's parliament backs appointment of new environment minister, UNIAN (19 June 2020)
  57. Rada Appoints Strelets Environmental Protection Minister, Ukrainian News Agency (14 April 2022)
  58. Lawmakers back Economy Ministry's resignation, UNIAN (18 May 2021)
  59. Parliament appoints Leshchenko as agricultural policy minister, Ukrinform (17 December 2020 – 24 March 2022)
  60. Lawmaker Solskyi accepts offer to become Ukraine's agriculture minister, Reuters (24 March 2022)
    "The new Minister of Agrarian Policy spoke about the priorities of the work". Українська правда (in Ukrainian). 25 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  61. Ukraine's new culture minister vows to sell stake in Odesa Film Studio, UNIAN (4 June 2020)
  62. "Parliament dismisses Culture Minister Tkachenko". Ukrainska Pravda. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  63. OLEKSIY PAVLYSH (2 December 2022). "The government merged the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Ministry of Regions: the new ministry will be headed by Kubrakov". Ekonomichna Pravda (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2 December 2022.
    "Rada appoints Kubrakov Dpty PM for restoration of Ukraine". Interfax-Ukraine. 1 December 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
    OLEKSIY PAVLYSH (1 December 2022). "Kubrakov was appointed vice prime minister - minister of infrastructure and regional development". Ekonomichna Pravda (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2 December 2022.
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