Cornelius Vander Starr

Cornelius Vander Starr (October 15, 1892 – December 20, 1968), sometimes known as Neil Starr, was an American businessman and founder of C.V. Starr & Co. (later known as Starr Companies) in Shanghai, China, which became insurance giant AIG.

Cornelius Vander Starr
BornOctober 15, 1892
Fort Bragg, California
DiedDecember 20, 1968 (aged 76)
NationalityAmerican
Other namesNeil Starr, C. V. Starr
Alma materUniversity of California, Berkeley
OccupationBusinessman
Known forFounder of C.V. Starr & Co. and the American International Group

AIG grew from an initial market value of $300 million to $180 billion, becoming the largest insurance company in the world.

Early life

Starr was born to parents of Dutch ancestry. His father was a railroad engineer.[1] Starr attended University of California, Berkeley from 1910 to 1911 before dropping out and returning to his hometown of Fort Bragg, California.[2][3][4] There he began his first business venture, selling ice cream, at the age of nineteen.

He joined the U.S. Army in 1918 but was never deployed overseas because World War I had ended. Unable to resist a strong urge to travel and understand the world, he joined the Pacific Mail Steamship Company as a clerk in Yokohama, Japan. Later that year, he traveled to Shanghai where he worked for several insurance businesses.

Starr Companies

In 1919 he founded what was then known as American Asiatic Underwriters (later American International Underwriters) in Shanghai, China, a global insurance and investment organization. He was forced to move his operation to New York in 1939, when Japan invaded China.[5] Starr worked for the Office of Strategic Services during World War II[6] and found himself engaged in such work as establishing the OSS insurance intelligence unit with William "Wild Bill" Donovan in 1943 and serving as the chief operative behind former U.S. Army Air Force officer Claire L. Chennault. Chennault is best known for coordinating the OSS-bankrolled American Volunteer Group (better known as the "Flying Tigers") to bring the fight to the Japanese without a declaration of war and return Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek to dominance in China. Starr and the OSS later backed Chiang over Communist leader Mao Zedong.

In 2000, war correspondent and author Mark Fritz wrote in the article entitled The Secret (Insurance) Agent Men for the Los Angeles Times:

They knew which factories to burn, which bridges to blow up, which cargo ships could be sunk in good conscience. They had pothole counts for roads used for invasion and head counts for city blocks marked for incineration. They weren't just secret agents. They were secret insurance agents. These undercover underwriters gave their World War II spymasters access to a global industry that both bankrolled and, ultimately, helped bring down Adolf Hitler's Third Reich.[5]

After World War II, Starr hired O.S.S. captain Duncan Lee, a lawyer, who became the long-term general counsel of AIG.

AIG left China in early 1949, as Mao led the advance of the Communist People's Liberation Army on Shanghai,[7][8] and Starr moved the company headquarters to its current home in New York City.[9] AIG was the world's largest insurance company, and as of 2021 remains unchallenged in that respect.[10]

Legacy
C.V. Starr Laboratory at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts

In 1955 he founded the C. V. Starr Foundation, to which he left his entire residuary estate, after a small amount in the eight figures along with his home in Brewster was awarded to his niece upon his death in 1968. He set up several other trusts for his close relatives. The sum of money left to his niece and relatives (not including the majority of his wealth left to charity) would have been worth several billion USD in the 21st century. Since its founding, the foundation has made more than $3.8 billion in grants worldwide in education, medicine and healthcare, human needs, public policy, culture, and the environment.[11]

The C.V. Starr East Asian Library at Columbia University was named for Starr in recognition of an endowment gift by the Starr Foundation in 1981. Starr's alma mater, Berkeley, is also home to the C. V. Starr East Asian Library, which houses 900,000 volumes in Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and other East Asian languages, making it one of the top two such collections in the United States outside of the Library of Congress.[12] Students at Hofstra University will know C.V. Starr Hall as home to the Frank G. Zarb School of Business, a state-of-the-art technologically advanced building, which opened for classes in the fall of 2000 and houses the Martin B. Greenberg Trading Room complete with a stock ticker that is delayed only 15 minutes from Wall Street.[13] The C.V. Starr Center for the Study of the American Experience in Chestertown, MD, works in conjunction with Washington College to promote the American Pictures Series at the National Portrait Gallery in Washington D.C.[14]

Starr was also an early investor in skiing at Mount Mansfield in Stowe, Vermont,[15] acquiring the Stowe Mountain Resort in 1949. It passed on to AIG in 1988.[16] One of the famous Front Four double diamond trails there is named Starr in his honor, as is the base lodge of the Middlebury Bowl, the private ski slope belonging to Middlebury College in Vermont.

References
  1. "Cornelius Vander Starr 1892-1968" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 17, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
  2. "06.24.2004 - Tien Center project reaches $42 million goal; construction set to begin on new East Asian library next year". www.berkeley.edu. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
  3. "10.16.2007 - New C.V. Starr East Asian Library to be dedicated at UC Berkeley". www.berkeley.edu. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
  4. "Columbia University Libraries Online Exhibitions | Cornelius Vander Starr, His Life and Work". exhibitions.library.columbia.edu. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
  5. Fritz, Mark. "The Secret (Insurance) Agent Men." Los Angeles Times (September 22, 2000): A7, A12. Archived from the original. "Newly declassified U.S. intelligence files tell the remarkable story of the ultra-secret Insurance Intelligence Unit, a component of the Office of Strategic Services, a forerunner of the CIA, and its elite counterintelligence branch X-2." (p. A7)
  6. David Stafford (2000). Roosevelt and Churchill: men of secrets. Overlook Press. p. 260. ISBN 978-1-58567-068-0.
  7. Thompson, Clifford; Block, Maxine; Moritz, Charles; Rothe, Anna Herthe; Candee, Marjorie Dent (1941). Current Biography Yearbook. Current Biography (60th ed.). H. W. Wilson Company. p. 247. Retrieved March 17, 2009. AIG abandoned China completely in 1949, as the Communist People's Liberation Army, led by Mao Zedong, advanced on Shanghai.
  8. "Foreign Office Files for China, 1949-1976". Part 1: Complete Files for 1949: Publisher's Note. Adam Matthew Publications. Archived from the original on October 13, 2008. Retrieved March 17, 2009. By the spring of 1949 [the Communists] had captured Peking, the former Nationalist capital city of Nanking and the important trading city of Shanghai.
  9. "AIG: What does this US giant do?". BBC News. September 17, 2008. Retrieved March 17, 2009. In 1949 [Cornelius Vander Starr] moved the company's headquarters to New York where it remains today.
  10. "Maurice Greenberg and David Schner Dialogue" (video). A Centenary Story of C.V. Starr & Co: China and the US in 2018 and Beyond. Hosted by the Bank of China / China General Chamber of Commerce (USA), New York City, September 6, 2018. 26 min.
  11. "The Starr Foundation". The Starr Foundation. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  12. "About EAL". Lib.berkeley.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  13. "Buildings and Facilities - Frank G. Zarb School of Business - Hofstra University". Hofstra.edu. Archived from the original on September 18, 2012. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  14. "The C.V. Starr Center for the Study of the American Experience". Starrcenter.washcoll.edu. September 27, 2012. Archived from the original on October 12, 2012. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  15. The epic history of Stowe Mountain Resort
  16. Lawlor, Julia (February 25, 2005). "HAVENS; At Stoic Old Stowe, a New Era". The New York Times. Retrieved March 4, 2008.

An On-line Exhibition: Cornelius Vander Starr, his life and work: https://exhibitions.library.columbia.edu/exhibits/show/cvstarr / exhibit curator, Ria Koopmans-de Bruijn / Published New York, N.Y. : C.V. Starr East Asian Library, [2015].

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