Mirafra
Mirafra is a genus of lark in the family Alaudidae. Some Mirafra species are called "larks", while others are called "bush larks". They are found from Africa through South Asia to Australia.
Mirafra | |
---|---|
Bengal bush lark (Mirafra assamica) in Kolkata (West Bengal, India) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Clade: | Dinosauria |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Alaudidae |
Genus: | Mirafra Horsfield, 1821 |
Type species | |
Mirafra javanica[1] Horsfield, 1821 | |
Diversity | |
24 species (but see text) | |
global range of genus[2] | |
Synonyms | |
|
Taxonomy and systematics
The phylogeny of larks (Alaudidae) was reviewed by Alström et al. (2013) who found that the following species form a well supported monophyletic group, which is the sister lineage to Heteromirafra.[3]
Extant species
The genus contains twenty-four species:[4]
Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
---|---|---|---|
Mirafra fasciolata | Eastern clapper lark | southern Africa in Zambia, Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho and South Africa. | |
Mirafra apiata | Cape clapper lark | southern Africa | |
Mirafra hypermetra | Red-winged lark | Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda | |
Mirafra africana | Rufous-naped lark | sub-Saharan Africa | |
Mirafra sharpii | Sharpe's lark | northwestern Somalia | |
Mirafra rufocinnamomea | Flappet lark | Central Africa | |
Mirafra angolensis | Angola lark | southern and central Africa | |
Mirafra williamsi | Williams's lark | northern Kenya | |
Mirafra passerina | Monotonous lark | southern Africa. | |
Mirafra cheniana | Melodious lark | South Africa (Eastern Cape, the Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, and North West Province), Botswana and Zimbabwe | |
Mirafra javanica | Singing bush lark | Australia and much of Southeast Asia. | |
Mirafra microptera | Burmese bush lark | central Myanmar | |
Mirafra assamica | Bengal bush lark | Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar and Nepal | |
Mirafra erythrocephala | Indochinese bush lark | southeast Asia. | |
Mirafra erythroptera | Indian bush lark | Pakistan and northwestern, central and south-central India. | |
Mirafra affinis | Jerdon's bush lark | southeast India and Sri Lanka | |
Mirafra gilletti | Gillett's lark | Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia | |
Mirafra rufa | Rusty bush lark | Sahel region of north-central Africa. | |
Mirafra collaris | Collared lark | eastern Ethiopia and Somalia to central Kenya | |
Mirafra ashi | Ash's lark | Somalia. | |
Mirafra somalica | Somali lark | Somalia | |
Mirafra pulpa | Friedmann's lark | East Africa. | |
Mirafra cordofanica | Kordofan lark | Mauritania and Senegal to Niger, eastern Chad, southern Sudan and northern South Sudan | |
Mirafra albicauda | White-tailed lark | western Chad, eastern Sudan, northeastern South Sudan, south-central Ethiopia, and from Uganda and western Kenya to central Tanzania | |
Former species
Some authorities, either presently or formerly, recognize several additional species as belonging to the genus Mirafra, including:
- Short-clawed lark (as Mirafra chuana)[5]
- Dusky lark (as Mirafra nigricans)[6]
- Rufous-rumped lark (as Mirafra erythropygia or Mirafra nigricans erythropygia)[7]
- Indian desert finch-lark (as Mirafra phoenicuroides)[8]
- Rufous-tailed lark (as Mirafra phoenicura)[9]
- Madagascan lark (as Mirafra hova)[10]
- Sabota lark (as Mirafra sabota)[11]
- Bradfield's lark (as Mirafra naevia)[12]
- Pink-breasted lark (as Mirafra poecilosterna)[13]
- Foxy lark (as Mirafra alopex)[14]
- Masai fawn-coloured lark (as Mirafra intercedens)[15]
- Fawn-coloured lark (as Mirafra africanoides)[16]
- Karoo lark (as Mirafra albescens or Mirafra nivosa)[17]
- Red lark (as Mirafra burra)[18]
- Dune lark (as Mirafra erythrochlamys)[19]
- Barlow's lark (as Mirafra erythrochlamys barlowi)[20]
- Rudd's lark (as Mirafra ruddi)[21]
- Archer's lark (as Mirafra archeri)[22]
- Sidamo lark (as Mirafra sidamoensis)[23]
- Ngaundere sun lark (as Mirafra strümpelli)[24]
- Uele sun lark (as Mirafra bucolica)[25]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mirafra.
References
- "Alaudidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- Based on maps in the Handbook of the Birds of the World and the BirdLife Datazone
- Alström, Per; Barnes, Keith N.; Olsson, Urban; Barker, F. Keith; Bloomer, Paulette; Khan, Aleem Ahmed; Qureshi, Masood Ahmed; Guillaumet, Alban; Crochet, Pierre-Andre; Ryan, Peter G. (2013). "Multilocus phylogeny of the avian family Alaudidae (larks) reveals complex morphological evolution, non-monophyletic genera and hidden species diversity" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (3): 1043–1056. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.005. PMID 23792153.
- Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2018). "Nicators, reedling, larks". World Bird List Version 8.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
- "Certhilauda chuana - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
- "Pinarocorys nigricans - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
- "Pinarocorys erythropygia - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
- "Ammomanes deserti phoenicuroides - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
- "Ammomanes phoenicura - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
- "Eremopterix hova - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-14.
- "Calendulauda sabota - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- "Calendulauda naevia - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- "Calendulauda poecilosterna - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- "Calendulauda alopex - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- "Calendulauda intercedens - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- "Calendulauda africanoides - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- "Calendulauda albescens - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
- "Calendulauda burra - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
- "Calendulauda erythrochlamys - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
- "Calendulauda barlowi - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
- "Heteromirafra ruddi - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
- "Heteromirafra archeri - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
- "Heteromirafra sidamoensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
- "Galerida modesta struempelli - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
- "Galerida modesta bucolica - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
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