Tailor's bunion
Tailor's bunion, also known as digitus quintus varus or bunionette, is a condition caused as a result of inflammation of the fifth metatarsal bone at the base of the little toe.[1]
| Tailor's bunion | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Bunionette or Digitus quintus varus |
 | |
| Radiograph showing a tailor's bunion | |
| Specialty | Podiatry |
It is usually characterized by inflammation, pain and redness of the little toe.
Often a tailor's bunion is caused by a faulty mechanical structure of the foot. The fifth metatarsal bone starts to protrude outward, while the little toe moves inward. This change in alignment creates an enlargement on the outside of the foot.
It is mostly similar to a bunion (the same type of ailment affecting the big toe). It is called Tailor's bunion because in past centuries, tailors sat cross-legged, and this was thought to cause this protrusion on the outside aspect of the foot.
Patients will present with a history of pain of the lateral bunion, plantar callous, and pain that increases with constrictive shoe wear. Studies have shown that tight shoe wear can cause both bunions as well as Tailor's bunions.[2]
Treatment
Non-surgical therapies include:[1]
- Shoe modifications: wearing shoes that have a wide toe box, and avoiding those with pointed toes or high heels.
- Oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may help in relieving the pain and inflammation.
- Injections of corticosteroid are commonly used to treat the inflammation.
- Bunionette pads placed over the affected area may help reduce pain.
- An ice pack may be applied to reduce pain and inflammation.
Surgery is often considered when pain continues for a long period with no improvement in these non-surgical therapies.
Surgical therapies include:
- Distal and proximal osteotomies of the 5th metatarsal can be used to correct the intermetatarsal and metatarsophalangeal angle causing the tailor's bunion.[2]
Diagnosis
Tailor's bunion is easily diagnosed because the protrusion is visually apparent. X-rays may be ordered to help the surgeon find out the severity of the deformity.
Types of Tailor's bunions
Type 1: The head of the 5th metatarsal is thickened and enlarged.
Type 2: A 5th metatarsal with an increased lateral curve and a normal fourth and fifth inter-metatarsal angle.
Type 3: Has the greatest lateral angular disposition of the 5th metatarsal compared to the 4th metatarsal, this phenomenon increases the 4th and 5th inter-metatarsal angles. This is generally the most symptomatic type of Tailor's bunion.
Type 4: A combination of at least two types of bunionettes (TB).[2]
Lesser toe deformities leading to falls
Five studies examined associations between falls and foot disorders. Significant associations were found between falls and plantar fasciitis, corns or bunions and lesser toe deformity (such as Tailor's bunions). The results of these studies show that "Older people who fell were more likely to have foot pain, hallux valgus, and lesser toe deformity".[3]
See also
- Tailor's muscle
- Bunion, also known as hallux valgus, a similar condition of the big toe.
References
- "Tailor's Bunion". footphysicians.com. Archived from the original on December 26, 2011. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
- Martijn, Hugo A.; Sierevelt, Inger N.; Wassink, Sander; Nolte, Peter A. (January 2018). "Fifth Metatarsal Osteotomies for Treatment of Bunionette Deformity: A Meta-Analysis of Angle Correction and Clinical Condition". The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery. 57 (1): 140–148. doi:10.1053/j.jfas.2017.08.006. ISSN 1067-2516. PMID 29268897.
- Menza, Hylton B.; Auhla, Maria; Spink, Martin J. (December 2018). "Foot problems as a risk factor for falls in community-dwelling older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Maturitas. 118: 7–14. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.10.001. PMID 30415759. S2CID 53285187.