Bundeli language

Bundeli (Devanagari: बुन्देली/बुंदेली) or Bundelkhandi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Bundelkhand region of central India. It belongs to the Central Indo-Aryan languages and is part of the Western Hindi subgroup.

Bundeli
बुन्देली
The word "Bundeli" written in Devanagari script
Native toIndia
RegionBundelkhand
Native speakers
5.6 million (2011)[1]
Census results conflate some speakers with Hindi.
Devanagari
Official status
Official language in
None
Language codes
ISO 639-3bns
Glottologbund1253

Classification

A descendant of the Sauraseni Apabhramsha language, Bundeli was classified under Western Hindi by George Abraham Grierson in his Linguistic Survey of India.[2] Bundeli is also closely related to Braj Bhasha, which was the foremost literary language in north-central India until the nineteenth century.

Like many other Indo-Aryan languages, Bundeli has often been subject to a designation as a dialect, instead of a language. Furthermore, as is the case with other Hindi languages, Bundeli speakers have been conflated with those of Standard Hindi in censuses.

Grierson divided Bundeli into four dialect groups:[3]

  • Standard Bundeli
  • Northeast Bundeli (closely related to Bagheli)
  • Northwest Bundeli (similar to Braj Bhasha)
  • South Bundeli

Geographical distribution

The Bundelkhand region comprises regions of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Bundeli is spoken in the Banda, Hamirpur, Jalaun, Jhansi, Lalitpur, Chitrakoot, Mahoba, Datia, Chhatarpur, Panna, Tikamgarh, Sagar, Damoh, Niwari districts.

History

Early examples of Bundelkhandi literature are the verses of the Alha-Khand epic. It is still preserved by bards in the Banaphari region. The epic is about heroes who lived in the 12th century CE. Formal literary works in Bundeli dates from the reign of Emperor Akbar. Notable figures are the poet Kesab Das of the 16th century, while Padmakar Bhatt and Prajnes wrote several works during the 19th century. Prannath and Lal Kabi, produced many works in Bundeli language at the court of Chhatrasal of Panna.[4]

References
  1. "Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength - 2011" (PDF). Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 29 June 2018.
  2. Grierson, George A. (1916). Linguistic Survey of India. Vol. IX Indo-Aryan family. Central group, Part 1, Specimens of western Hindi and Pañjābī. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India.
  3. Grierson, George A. Linguistic Survey of India. Vol. IX . Indo-Aryan family. Central group. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India.
  4. "LSI Vol-9 part-1". dsal. p. 89.

Bibliography
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