Imtiaz Ahmed (brigadier)

Brigadier Imtiaz Ahmed (Urdu: امتیاز احمد; born 1935: 33 [4]), SBt, TI(m), also known as Imtiaz Billa,[5] is a retired engineering officer in the Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers, and former spy, who served as the Director-General of the Intelligence Bureau from 1990 to 1993.

Brigadier

Imtiaz Ahmed
Birth nameImtiaz Ahmed
Nickname(s)Cat (Billa)[1]
Bobcat (Baghar Billa)[2]
Green-eyed Jackal: 96 [3]
Born (1935-06-04) 4 June 1935: 33 [4]
Gujranwala, Punjab British India (present day Pakistan)
Allegiance Pakistan
Service/branch Pakistan Army
Years of service1960–1989
Rank Brigadier
Service numberPA–6280: 33 [4]
UnitPakistan Army Corps of Engineers
Commands held
Battles/wars
Awards
Other work

After a brief time in Combat Engineering in the Pakistan Army, his career was mostly spent at the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) agency, where he was responsible for running internal security before serving in the civilian Intelligence Bureau. In 1989, his military commission was discharged when he was implicated in the Operation Midnight Jackal political scandal in trying to sabotage then-Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto's administration.[6]

In 2001, Ahmed was convicted by the anti-corruption court when NAB prosecuted him on monetary embezzlement.[7] Ahmed is a controversial figure in Pakistan, having been accused of involvement in the custodial death of Communist Party of Pakistan leader Nazeer Abbasi in 1980. He was later accused of having foreknowledge of the plane crash that resulted in the death of President Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, CJCSC Gen. Akhtar Abdur Rahman and other dignitaries in 1988.[8][9][10]

Biography

Imtiaz Ahmed was born into a Kashmiri family[11] in Gujranwala, Punjab in British India on 4 June 1935, according to the Indian author, P.C. Joshi.: 33 [4] After matriculation, he joined the Pakistan Army and entered the Pakistan Military Academy in Kakul. He decided to attend the Military College of Engineering in Risalpur.: 131 [12] He graduated with a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in civil engineering, and earned a commission as a Second lieutenant (2nd-Lt.) in the Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers in 1960.: 33 [4]: 131 [12]

His career was largely spent in the Army Corps of Engineers, and he served on the combat engineering formations during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Pakistan's second war with India, and Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 their third war with India.: 35–36 [4] After 1971, Ahmed was directed to attend the staff course at the Command and Staff College in Quetta.: 131 [12]

Due to his cunning and greenish 'feline' eye color, Ahmed was well known by his codename in the ISI as "billa" (the male cat).: 30 [13]

In the late 1970s, he joined the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) as a security analyst and remained associated with Pakistan's intelligence community for many years.: contents [14] In 1979, as a Major, Ahmed was posted on a security assignment to the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP), involved in running background checks and providing covert security to the technicians working on the power plant.[15] In 1979, he became aware of a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 'mole' working as an engineer, who was trying to seek security details on the commercial nuclear power plant for sabotage purposes.[15]

After thoroughly running background checks, Ahmad identified the suspected mole, and that eventually led to 'Operation Rising Sun', a sting operation that resulted in the successful arrest and conviction of a local Pakistani CIA agent, declaration of a few undercover CIA agents and diplomats at the U.S. Consulate General in Karachi as persona non-grata, and their return to the United States.[15][16]

The details and veracity of this assignment has been criticized in an editorial written in Dawn, whose investigations identified the engineer who was working for the Karachi Electric (KE) electric power transmission, and who had been a prominent member of the Pakistan Peoples Party, not working for the KANUPP nuclear power plant as claimed by Ahmed.[17]

Secrecy: policy and secrets
Main articles: Jam Saqi case and Operation Midnight Jackal

In 1980, Lieutenant-Colonel (Lt-Col.) Ahmed joined the Joint Counterintelligence Bureau (JCIB), mainly working in counterintelligence management and overseeing anti-communist operations in Sindh.: 119–122 [18]

In 1981, he began investigating the militant Al-Zulfiqar group, after the 1981 Pakistan International Airlines hijacking, eventually expanding their spying on the leaders of the MRD led by Benazir Bhutto in 1982–85.[17]

From 1983 to 1988, he also monitored the anti-communist judicial probe that implicated the journalists Jam Saqi and Sohail Sangi, and harboured doubts of foreign funding of the MRD alliance led by Benazir Bhutto.[19] Over this judicial probe, the Communist Party of Pakistan politicians leveled accusations of Ahmed's CI Bureau in Sindh of wrongfully[17] investigating communist Nazeer Abbasi's political ambitions, and whose custody resulted in his death at the hands of the Sindh Police.[17]

In 1986–87, Col. Ahmed was appointed as the Director-General of the Intelligence Bureau before being posted to take over the directorship of the JCIB in Islamabad when Lieutenant-General (Lt-Gen.) Akhtar Abdur Rahman became DG ISI: contents [20]

In 1988, Brig. Ahmed was appointed as director of the Political Wing of the ISI in Islamabad, managing the country's internal security and tried uniting the Pakistan National Alliance conservative mass against the left-oriented Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP).: contents [21] Due to the complaints of Naseerullah Babar, Security Adviser at the Interior Ministry, Brig. Ahmad was rotated back to the Corps of Engineers on a construction engineering assignment in Risalpur, but his skills of intelligence management and extraction was valuable, so he eventually found a way to secretly serve in the Intelligence Bureau.: contents [22]

In 1989, Brig. Imtiaz, in a secret conversation with Major Amir Khan, talked on sponsoring the Members of Parliament (MPs) belonging to the PPP to bring about a vote of no-confidence movement to remove Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in order to bring the Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML(N)), led by its then-President Fida Mohammad Khan and his chief secretary Nawaz Sharif, into the administration.: contents [23]: 146 [24] The plan backfired when the conversation was apparently videotaped by the IB and ISI, and was released to the public, which eventually led to General Mirza Aslam Beg, then-Army Chief, to allow Military Intelligence (MI) to conduct the inquiry in such manner.: 146 [24]

Both Brig. Ahmed and Major Amir Khan were discharged from their military commissions in 1989. The inquiry remains classified since it is still unclear who the real culprit behind the plot was, or was it under the instructions of the DG ISI Shamsur Rahman Kallu.: 146 [24]: conts [14][25]

After his discharge in 1989, Ahmed was reportedly employed by then-Chief Minister of Punjab, Nawaz Sharif, as his Additional Chief Secretary in the Government of Punjab, which he served as until 1990.: 30–31 [26]: 151 [4]

Director of IB (1990–93) and Later work
Main articles: Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan), Network Television Marketing, and Shalimar Television Network

After the 1990 Pakistani general election was held, and Nawaz Sharif was forming his first ministry, Imtiaz Ahmed was re-appointed as the DG Intelligence Bureau .: 124 [27] In 1992, he aided in launching of the Operation Clean-up armed operation to cleanse Karachi of "anti-social" elements, and ultimately targeting the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) once the Jinnahpur conspiracy to partition Karachi from Sindh was unearthed.: 75 [28][29]

After the resignations of Prime Minister Sharif and President Ghulam Ishaq Khan, Ahmed resigned from the directorship of the Intelligence Bureau. He termed his resignation as "on principle" on 19 April 1992.: 29 [30]

In 1997, Ahmed was appointed by Prime Minister Sharif as Director-General of the Federal Investigation Agency but the appointment did not come through.: 38–39 [4] In October 1997, Ahmed took over the chairmanship of Network Television Marketing, appointed by its board of directors amid controversy when NTM's chairman Faisal Sher Jan was fired from the channel.[31]: 38 [4] He chaired the channel until 1999.: 40 [4]

Controversies and allegations

The Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) secured the plurality after the 1993 Pakistani general election, and Prime Minister Bhutto opened the investigation and inquiry when authorizing the arrest warrants of Imtiaz Ahmed on charges of indulging in illegal activities in 1994.: 159–160 [32] The case against him was marked on the political motives, and he was later released due to lack of evidences.: 159–160 [32]: 9–10 [33]

After the 1999 Pakistani coup d'état by General Pervez Musharraf, the inquiries led by NAB indicted Ahmed on large-scale corruption and misappropriation of funds while serving as the Director of IB, eventually finding him guilty in 2001.[34] He was sentenced to eight years imprisonment for corruption, and was released in 2008–09.[34]

On 21 September 2010, Imtiaz Ahmed was again arrested along with Adnan Khawaja, the former chairman of the Oil and Gas Development Company (OGDC), and was shifted to Adiala Jail.[35] In a Supreme Court bench headed by then-Chief Justice of Pakistan Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, who heard the NRO implementation case, Ahmed was arrested from the court by order of the Supreme Court during the hearing of a case relating to the implementation of the National Reconciliation Ordinance (NRO).[35]

On 25 September 2010, the Supreme Court eventually released Ahmed as he already had served his time.[36][37][38] His release was given on grounds of his age and medical condition, as he reportedly suffered from coronary artery disease.[35]

Foreknowledge of Bahawalpur incident
Main article: Death and state funeral of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

In 2009 Humayun Akhtar Khan, the former Commerce Minister and son of Gen. Akhtar Abdur Rahman, had leveled accusations when he reportedly marked: Brig. Imtiaz is the man who encouraged my father to board on the C-130 aircraft which later met an accident. I ask Brig. Imtiaz to explain what led him to play a role in my father's killing, Humayun Akhtar maintained.[39]

Jinnahpur plan controversy

After his release in 2009, Ahmed became an intelligence commentator and gave several television interviews on intelligence management. He revealed that the Jinnahpur conspiracy was fabricated while giving more information on the Operation Midnight Jackal secret funding of political parties against the PPP.[40][41]

See also

References
  1. Special reporter, correspondents (25 March 2013). "Cat out of the bag: Brig 'Billa' booked in bogus cheque case". The Express Tribune. The Express Tribune, 2013. The Express Tribune. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
  2. "Only bean-spilling spooks can tell why". DAWN.COM. 1 September 2009. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
  3. Malik, I. (1996). "Security Agencies against Citizens". State and Civil Society in Pakistan: Politics of Authority, Ideology and Ethnicity. Washington DC, U.S.: Springer. p. 330. ISBN 9780230376298. Retrieved 18 November 2017 – via Google Books.
  4. Joshi, P. C. (2008). Main Intelligence Outfits of Pakistan. Anmol Publications Pvt. Limited. p. 435. ISBN 9788126135509. Retrieved 15 November 2017 – via Google Books.
  5. Shah, Sabir (12 September 2013). "Recapping the previous Karachi operations". The News. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  6. Ahmed, Khaled (28 March 2002) How blameless is the ISI? The Friday Times
  7. Former Pakistan intelligence chief sentenced. BBC, 31 July 2001
  8. Daily The News International 29 August 2009
  9. Custodial death of Nazeer Abbasi Archived 2 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine, The News, 31 August 2009
  10. Brig Imtiaz's arrest demanded for communist leader's murder, Daily Times, 31 August 2009
  11. Hein Kiessling, Faith, Unity, Discipline: The Inter-Service-Intelligence (ISI) of Pakistan, Oxford University Press (2016), p. 104
  12. Ahmad, Imtiaz (2004). National Defence College Journal. National Defence University press.
  13. The Herald. Pakistan Herald Publications. 1991. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  14. Kiessling, Hein (2016). "Midnight Jackal Affair". Faith, Unity, Discipline: The Inter-Service-Intelligence (ISI) of Pakistan (1st ed.). Oxford Ul: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9781849048637. Retrieved 15 November 2017 – via Google Books.
  15. Abbasi, Ansar (1 September 2009). "Brig Imtiaz reveals CIA plots". Islamabad: The News International , Abbasi. The News International. Archived from the original (web.archive) on 1 February 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
  16. Klasra, Rauf. "How a jilted Karachi woman saved Pak N-programme". The News International. Archived from the original on 31 January 2010.
  17. Abbasi, Zafar; Editorial, Dawn (1 September 2009). "Only bean-spilling spooks can tell why". DAWN.COM. Islamabad, Pakistan: Dawn Newspapers. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  18. Ahmed, Khaled (2002). Pakistan: The State in Crisis. Vanguard.
  19. Khan, Tahir Hassan (31 August 2009). "The politics of Brigadier 'Billa'". thenews.com.pk. Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan: Tahir Hassan Khan's report at The News International. The News International. Archived from the original (webarchives) on 31 August 2009. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
  20. Kiessling, Hein (2016). Faith, Unity, Discipline: The Inter-Service-Intelligence (ISI) of Pakistan. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9781849048637. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  21. Sirrs, Owen L. (2016). Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations. Routledge. ISBN 9781317196082. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
  22. Kiessling, Hein (2016). Faith, Unity, Discipline: The Inter-Service-Intelligence (ISI) of Pakistan. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9781849048637. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
  23. Kiessling, Hein (2016). Faith, Unity, Discipline: The Inter-Service-Intelligence (ISI) of Pakistan. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9781849048637. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  24. Sirrs, Owen L. (2016). "Intelligence wars" (googlebooks). Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations (1 ed.). New York: Routledge. p. 310. ISBN 9781317196099. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  25. Khan, Ism (29 August 2009). "In the News – Brigadier Imtiaz Ahmad". multipak.wordpress.com.
  26. Hussain, Mushahid; Hussain, Akmal; CPR, Centre for Policy Research (New Delhi (1993). Pakistan: problems of governance. New Delhi, India: Konark Publishers. p. 166. {{cite book}}: |first3= has generic name (help)
  27. Sehgal, Ikram ul-Majeed (2005). Defence Journal. Ikram ul-Majeed Sehgal. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  28. Hoodbhoy, Nafisa (2011). "News is what the rulers wants to hide" (google books). Aboard the Democracy Train: A Journey Through Pakistan's Last Decade of Democracy. Karachi, Pakistan: Anthem Press. ISBN 9780857289063. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  29. Associated Press. "Details of Brig. (R) Imtiaz Ahmed".
  30. JPRS Report: Near East & South Asia. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1993. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  31. Joshi, P. C. (2008). Main Intelligence Outfits of Pakistan. Anmol Publications Pvt. Limited. ISBN 9788126135509. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  32. Raman, B. (2002). "Financial and Narcotics Intelligence" (google books). Intelligence: Past, Present & Future. Lancer Publishers. p. 400. ISBN 9788170622222. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  33. World in Transition. Gyan Publishing House. 2003. ISBN 9788178352657. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  34. staff writer, staff (31 July 2001). "Former Pakistan intelligence chief sentenced". BBC Pakistan Bureau. BBC. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  35. "Brig (R) Imtiaz released on bail - The Express Tribune". The Express Tribune. 24 September 2010. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  36. "Former Brigadier Imtiaz released from Adiala Jail". Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  37. "Brig. (retd.) Imtiaz Ahmed released - Samaa TV". samaa.tv. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  38. "Brigadier (R) Imtiaz released on LHC orders - The Express Tribune". The Express Tribune. 25 September 2010. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  39. The Press Report (29 August 2009). "Brig. (R) Imtiaz trying to get world attention". The News International. Jang Group of Newspapers.
  40. 'Midnight Jackal' was launched to overthrow Benazir: Imtiaz, Daily Times, 28 August 2009
  41. Who is behind the 'get Nawaz' campaign?, The News (Pakistan) 26 August 2009

Further reading
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