Bridal Procession on the Hardangerfjord

Bridal Procession on the Hardanger (Norwegian: Brudeferd i Hardanger) is an 1848 oil painting by Hans Gude and Adolph Tidemand. [1][2] Gude, aged just 23, painted the landscapes and Tidemand, a decade his senior, the bridal party.[1][3] Each of the Norwegian artists had studied at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf before they first met in Hardanger in 1843, and the painting was made in the winter of 1847–1848 in Düsseldorf. It measures 93 cm × 130 cm (37 in × 51 in) and has been held by the National Gallery in Oslo since 1895.[1][4] It is one of the best known Norwegian paintings,[5][6] and is considered to be an excellent example of romantic nationalism in Norway, combining a romanticised landscape with traditions of Norwegian life.[7][8][9]

Bridal Procession on the Hardangerfjord
Norwegian: Brudeferd i Hardanger
ArtistHans Gude and Adolph Tidemand
Year1848 (1848)
CatalogueNG.M.00467
MediumOil on canvas
Dimensions93 cm × 130 cm (37 in × 51 in)
LocationNational Gallery, Oslo
Websitewww.nasjonalmuseet.no/en/collection/object/NG.M.00467

The painting depicts a bridal procession, crossing a fjord in rowing boats after the wedding. The first boat carries the groom, tipping his hat, and the bride, in her bridal crown and traditional red costume of the Hardanger region. They are accompanied by some wedding guests: one person is pouring a drink from a jug, a musician is playing a fiddle, and a man is standing to fire a gun in celebration. The boat crew are dressed in typical Bunad costumes. In the distance are two other boats conveying wedding guests, while more people wait on the shoreline, and others wave from a promontory.[10][11] In the background is a stave church, under a blue summer sky with bright sunlight catching small clouds and snow on the mountains and a glacier.[1] While the scenery resembles Hardangerfjord and the Folgefonna glacier, Gude later wrote that it was not a view of a particular location, but rather was a composite made from his observations.[12]

The painting was commissioned as the backdrop for a tableau vivant.[13] The soirée at the Christiania Theatre in March 1849 included a theatrical group dressed in traditional costumes aboard a boat who performed a song "Brudefærden" ("The Wedding Procession") by Andreas Munch with music by Halfdan Kjerulf, with the painting itself serving as scenery.[10][14]

Gude and Tidemand collaborated on other paintings, including at least five versions of the Hardanger bridal procession made around 1850, each with differences.[15] The prime version of 1848 was bought by the National Gallery in Oslo in 1895. A second version of 1848 includes Ole Bull as the violinist: he had performed at the Christiania Theatre. Three versions were painted in 1853, of which one was sold at Grev Wedels Plass Auksjoner in 2002 for NOK 5.1 million.[16][17]

Parallels have been drawn between these paintings by Gude and Tidemand, and the first version of Washington Crossing the Delaware made by fellow Düsseldorf artist Emanuel Leutze from 1848 to 1850. The first version of Leutze's painting was destroyed in Germany during the Second World War, but two later versions survived in the US.

References
  1. "Hans Gude, Adolph Tidemand, Bridal Procession on the Hardangerfjord – Nasjonalmuseet – Collection".
  2. Gérard Denizeau (2004). Vocabulaire des arts visuels du XIXe siècle. Minerve. ISBN 978-2-86931-108-4.
  3. Margaret Hayford O'Leary (2010). Culture and Customs of Norway. ABC-CLIO. pp. 171–. ISBN 978-0-313-36248-4.
  4. "Bridal Procession on the Hardangerfjord – Hans Gude – Google Arts & Culture".
  5. Arne Neset (2009). Arcadian Waters and Wanton Seas: The Iconology of Waterscapes in Nineteenth-century Transatlantic Culture. Peter Lang. pp. 122–. ISBN 978-1-4331-0297-4.
  6. Anna C. Rue (2009). "In The Party Circle": Norwegian-Americans and their fiddle. University of Wisconsin—Madison.
  7. Tuchtenhagen, R. (2011). Kleine Geschichte Norwegens. Beck'sche Reihe (in German). C.H.Beck. p. 118. ISBN 978-3-406-61563-4. Retrieved 24 August 2018. Werke wie Højfjæld (Hochfjell, 1857) und das gemeinsam mit Tidemand angefertigte Brudeferd i Hardanger (s. o.) sowie Brenninger (Brände, 1862) wurden zum Inbegriff der norwegischen nationalen Topographie. Nicht nur in der ...
  8. Toril Moi (14 February 2008). Henrik Ibsen and the Birth of Modernism: Art, Theater, Philosophy. OUP Oxford. pp. 246–. ISBN 978-0-19-150264-4.
  9. Daniel M. Grimley (2006). Grieg: Music, Landscape and Norwegian Identity. Boydell Press. pp. 67–. ISBN 978-1-84383-210-2.
  10. Ann Schmiesing (2006). Norway's Christiania Theatre, 1827–1867: From Danish Showhouse to National Stage. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. pp. 98–. ISBN 978-0-8386-4107-1.
  11. Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Kulturgeschichte Spaniens. Aschendorff. 1916.
  12. Skurtveit, Nina (13 October 2008). "Brudeferden i Hardanger". Kultur og underholdning (in Norwegian). Norsk rikskringkasting. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  13. Mette Hjort; Ursula Lindqvist (24 March 2016). A Companion to Nordic Cinema. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 282–. ISBN 978-1-118-47527-0.
  14. Ann Falahat; Marit Ingeborg Lange; Nasjonalgalleriet (Norway) (2003). Hans Fredrik Gude på papir. Nasjonalgalleriet. ISBN 978-82-90744-87-3.
  15. Brudeferd i Hardanger, Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian)
  16. Gude, Hans Fredrik (1825-1903), Brudeferden i Hardanger 1853, Grev Wedels Plass Auksjoner, 21 November 2002 (in Norwegian)
  17. Norskare enn dette blir det ikkje. No kjem det heim til Hardanger. Bergens Tidende, 2 May 2014 (in Norwegian)

Further reading
Norwegian Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Brudefærden Lyrics (in Norwegian) of Munch's song
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