Wambaya language

Wambaya is a Non-Pama-Nyungan West Barkly Australian language of the Mirndi language group[4] that is spoken in the Barkly Tableland of the Northern Territory, Australia.[5] Wambaya and the other members of the West Barkly languages are somewhat unusual in that they are suffixing languages, unlike most Non-Pama-Nyungan languages which are prefixing.[4]

Wambaya
McArthur River
Native toAustralia
RegionBarkly Tableland, Northern Territory
EthnicityWambaya, Gudanji, Binbinga
Native speakers
43 (2021 census)[1]
(24 Wambaya; 19 Gudanji)
Dialects
  • Wambaya
  • Gudanji
  • Binbinka
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
wmb – Wambaya
nji – Gudanji
Glottologwamb1258
AIATSIS[2]C19 Wambaya, C26 Gurdanji, N138 Binbinga
ELPWambaya
 Binbinka[3]

The language was reported to have 12 speakers in 1981, and some reports indicate that the language went extinct as a first language.[6] However, in the 2011 Australian census 56 people stated that they speak Wambaya at home.[7] That number increased to 61 in the 2016 Census.[8]

Rachel Nordlinger notes that the speech of the Wambaya, Gudanji and Binbinka people "are clearly dialects" of a single language, which she calls "McArthur", while Ngarnga is closely related but is "probably best considered a language of its own".[9]

Phonology

Consonants
Peripheral Laminal Apical
Labial Velar Palatal Alveolar Retroflex
Stop b ɡ ɟ d ɖ
Nasal m ŋ ɲ n ɳ
Lateral ʎ l ɭ
Rhotic ɾ ~ r ɻ
Approximant w j
  • Sounds /ɡ, ŋ/ are heard as palatalized [ɡʲ, ŋʲ] when before front vowels.
  • /ɾ/ is heard as a trill [r] when in pre-consonantal position.

Vowels
Front Back
High ɪ, iː ʊ, uː
Low a, aː
  • /a/ can be heard as [æ] when after palatal sounds /ɟ, ɲ/ and before /j/.
  • /ɪ/ is heard as [i] when before /j/.[10]

References
  1. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2021). "Cultural diversity: Census". Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  2. C19 Wambaya at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies  (see the info box for additional links)
  3. Endangered Languages Project data for Binbinka.
  4. Nordlinger, Rachel. (1998), A Grammar Of Wambaya, Northern Territory (Australia), p. 1.
  5. Ethnologue
  6. Bender, Emily M. (2008), Evaluating a Crosslinguistic Grammar Resource: A Case Study of Wambaya, p. 2
  7. "2011 Census QuickStats: Tennant Creek".
  8. "2016 Census: Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples QuickStats - Tennant Creek". www.censusdata.abs.gov.au. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  9. Nordlinger, Rachel (1998). A Grammar of Wambaya, Northern Territory (Australia) (PDF). Pacific Linguistics. p. 2–3.
  10. Nordlinger, Rachel (1998). A Grammar Of Wambaya, Northern Territory (Australia). Pacific Linguistics. pp. 17–22.


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