Bentley BR2

The Bentley B.R.2 was a nine-cylinder British rotary aircraft engine developed during the First World War by the motor car engine designer W. O. Bentley from his earlier Bentley BR.1. The BR.2 was built in small numbers during the war, its main use being by the Royal Air Force in the early 1920s.[1]

BR.2
B.R.2 engine on display at the Shuttleworth Collection
Type Rotary engine
National origin United Kingdom
Manufacturer Humber, Crossley, Daimler, Gwynnes, Ruston and Proctor
First run 1917
Major applications Sopwith Snipe
Number built 2,567
Developed from Bentley BR.1

Design and development

The initial variant of the BR.2 developed 230 horsepower (170 kW), with nine cylinders measuring 5.5 by 7.1 inches (140 mm × 180 mm) for a total displacement of 1,522 cubic inches (24.9 L). It weighed 490 pounds (220 kg), only 93 pounds (42 kg) more than the Bentley BR.1.

This was the last type of rotary engine to be adopted by the RAF – later air-cooled aircraft engines such as the Cosmos Jupiter and Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar being almost entirely of the fixed radial type. With the BR.2, the rotary engine had reached a point beyond which this type of engine could not be further developed, due to its inherent limitations.[2]

Applications

The type selected as the standard single-seat fighter of the post-war RAF, the Sopwith Snipe, had been designed around the BR.2, as had its ground attack version, the Sopwith TF.2 Salamander. A number of other experimental and minor production types were either designed for, or otherwise fitted with this power plant during the late "war" years and into the early 1920s.

Gloster Nightjar during evaluation at Farnborough in 1922

Variants
BR.2 230
1918, 230 hp.
BR.2 245
1918, 245 hp.

Engines on display

A Bentley BR.2 is on public display in the Science Museum (London), another forms part of the aero engine collection at the Royal Air Force Museum Cosford. Another one (serial number 40543, manufactured by Gwynnes) is in the National Military Museum, Romania.

The sole operational BR.2 is mounted in Fantasy of Flight's replica of the Sopwith Snipe.[3]

A ¼ scale working replica of the Bentley BR.2 World War I rotary aero engine built by Lewis Kinleside Blackmore is currently on display at the Bentley Memorial Building in Oxfordshire, UK. This was the first model built of this engine and is the subject also of a book by L K Blackmore.

The Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada has a BR.2 installed in their Sopwith 7F.1 Snipe.

Specifications (BR.2)
Manufacturer's plate (dated November 1917) and valve operating gear of the BR.2 engine on display at the Royal Air Force Museum Cosford

Data from Jane's [4]

General characteristics

Components
  • Valvetrain: Overhead valve
  • Cooling system: Air-cooled

Performance
  • Power output: 250 hp
  • Fuel consumption: 20 gallons per hour
  • Oil consumption: 16 pints per hour
  • Power-to-weight ratio: 0.5 hp/lb

See also

Related development

Comparable engines

Related lists

References

Notes
  1. Lumsden 2003, p.88.
  2. Gunston 1989, p.22.
  3. Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Sopwith Snipe - Part 1 - Kermie Cam. YouTube.
  4. Jane's 1993, p.274.

Bibliography
  • Gunston, Bill (1986). World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens. pp. 25–26.
  • Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. ISBN 1-85260-163-9
  • Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War I. London. Studio Editions Ltd, 1993. ISBN 1-85170-347-0
  • Lumsden, Alec. British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. ISBN 1-85310-294-6.
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