Bayt Jirja

In 1517, Bayt Jirja was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and in 1596 the village appeared in the Ottoman tax registers (named "Bayt Harja" (Farja)) as being in the nahiya (subdistrict) of Gaza, part of the Sanjak of Gaza, with a population of 71 households and 14 bachelors, an estimated 468 persons, all Muslims. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on a number of crops, including wheat, barley and fruit trees, as well as on goats and beehives; a total of 18,500 akçe. All of the revenue went to a waqf.[8]

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the area of Bayt Jirja experienced a significant process of settlement decline due to nomadic pressures on local communities. The residents of abandoned villages moved to surviving settlements, but the land continued to be cultivated by neighboring villages.[9] The village must have been destroyed, as a marble slab at the entrance to the yard of the village mosque proclaimed that Abdullah Pasha of Acre, via his delegate Mohammed Shahin, had rebuilt the village in 1825–26.[10]

In 1838, Beit Jerja was noted as a Muslim village in the Gaza area.[11]

In May 1863, Victor Guérin visited the village. He found it had 370 inhabitants, and a wali with ancient granite columns.[12] Socin found from an official Ottoman village list from about 1870 that Bayt Jirja had a population of 106, with a total of 34 houses, though the population count included men, only.[13] Hartmann found that Bet Dschardscha had 32 houses.[14]

In 1883 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Bayt Jirja as small, with gardens, and supplied with water from cisterns and a pond.[15]

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Beit Jerja had a population of 397 inhabitants, all Muslims,[16] increasing in the 1931 census to 619, still all Muslim, in 115 houses.[17]

The villagers kept a shrine, located on the eastern edge and overlooking Wadi al-Abd, and which they believed to be the tomb of "prophet" (nabi) Jirja. An elementary school was established in the center of village in 1932, and it had 67 students in the mid-1940s. The village center also contained some small shops. There were a number of wells, ranging in depth from 30 to 80 meters, which supplied drinking and irrigation water.[7]

Beit Jirja 1931 1:20,000

Beit Jirja 1945 1:20,000

In the 1945 statistics the population of Beit Jirja consisted of 940 Muslims[4] with a land area of 8,015 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[3] Of this, 434 dunams were designated for citrus and bananas, 618 for plantations and irrigable land, 6,911 for cereals,[18] while 25 dunams were built-up areas.[19]

The village was probably captured in early November 1948, along with neighbouring al-Majdal, during the last phase of Operation Yoav. The villagers fled or were expelled and the village was destroyed.[7]

According to the Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi, what remained of the village in 1992 was:

The site is encircled by barbed wire fencing, with only the street and scattered rubble still visible. One house on the northern edge of the village remains, along with some sycamore trees and cactuses. Some village lands are cultivated, while others are covered by woods.[7]