Battle of Yankivtsi

The Battle of Yankivtsi (Ukrainian: Битва під Янківцями, Атака на Янківці, Polish: Bitwa pod Jankowcami, Ataka na Jankowce; 29–30 August 1943). During the Second World War, there were Polish-Ukrainian national purges, partisan battles, and conflicts. Attack of the OUN—UPA on the Village Yankivtsi of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship in Poland against the Armia Krajowa, around 100–200 Ukrainian Partisans attacked and defeated 200–300 Polish Soldiers. As a result, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army won the battle and liberated the village.

Battle of Yankivtsi
Part of the Second World War
Date29–30 August 1943
Location
Yankivtsi, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland
Result

Ukrainian victory[1]

Belligerents
link Ukrainian Insurgent Army link Armia Krajowa
Commanders and leaders
link Dmytro Klyachkivsky link Tadeusz Komorowski
Strength
link 100–200 Ukrainian Partisans[1] link 200–300 Polish Soldiers[2]
Casualties and losses
5 killed and wounded[1] 86–87 killed and wounded[2]

Battle

On 29 August 1943, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army launched and carried out an attack on the Village Yankivtsi under the command of the Ukrainian commander-in-chief of the OUN—UPA Dmytro Klyachkivsky and completely defeated the Armia Krajowa which was under the command of the Polish General Tadeusz Komorowski.[3]

Aftermath

On 30 August 1943, Ukrainian Partisans successfully entered and liberated the Village Yankivtsi from the Armia Krajowa, inflicting heavy losses on them.[4]

Background

Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and East Galicia (1943–1946)
Main article: Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia

The Actions of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army in Volhynia and East Galicia against the Poles were carried out because of the Polish war crimes committed against the civilian and innocent Ukrainian population during 1918–1942.

Polish-Ukrainian War (1918–1919)
Main article: Polish–Ukrainian War

The Second Polish Republic attacked Ukrainian People’s Republic and Ukrainian territories at the end of 1918 in November, because they wanted to restore the so-called "Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth" together with the Ukrainian lands in it, that is why they started a war of aggression against the Ukrainian People’s Republic, including civilians who killed, captured, tortured, deported.

Treaty of Riga (1921)
Main article: Treaty of Riga

After the end of the Polish-Soviet War in 1919–1921, the Peace of Riga was signed in 18 March 1921 between the Second Polish Republic and Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Ukrainian Otaman Symon Petliura of the Ukrainian People’s Republic were not invited to sign this peace, that is, by doing so, the Poles betrayed the Ukrainians and left them to fight completely alone against the Bolsheviks, which led to the death of thousand Ukrainians after the end of the Second Winter Campaign in October—November 1921. Also after the end of Polish-Ukrainian War, in 1920–1921 approximately 100,000 Ukrainians were herded into Concentration Camps by the Polish Government, where they were often denied food and medicine; some of them died of hunger, disease or suicide. Among the victims were not only soldiers and officers, but also priests, lawyers and doctors who supported the Ukrainian cause. The number of deaths in these camps from diseases was estimated at 20,000 people.[5]

Pacification and Polonisation of the innocent Ukrainians in East Galicia (1930)
Main article: Pacification of Ukrainians in Eastern Galicia

The War Crimes which was committed by the Poles against civilian and peaceful Ukrainians in East Galicia were, allegedly, a response to the speeches of the Ukrainian Military Organization (UMO) under the leadership of the Ukrainian Colonel Yevhen Konovalets in 1921–1930, which, first of all, were held accountable by the Poles for their war crimes against the Ukrainians and Ukrainian People’s Republic in 1918–1921, so they had absolute rights to start this performance.

Destroying of the Ukrainian Orthodox Churches in the Second Polish Republic (1918–1938)
Main article: Revindication of Eastern Orthodox churches in the Second Polish Republic

The Destruction of the Ukrainian Orthodox Churches in the territories of the Chełm and Podlasie Voivodoships was carried out by the Second Polish Republic, including the army and police.[6] The purpose of the attacks was the further implementation of the policy of colonization, assimilation (polonisation), and oppression of the Ukrainian population of the region. The method of attacks was insulting religious objects, humiliation based on religious affiliation; and destruction of property. Around 173 churches were destroyed, burned, and looted.[7]

Polish War Crimes against the innocent Ukrainians in the Chełm and Podlasie Voivodoships (1942)

The Second Polish Republic carried out punitive terrorist attacks and operations against the Ukrainian civilians population in the territory of the Chełm and Podlasie Regions in 1942. The Polish Underground State killed more than 2,000 Ukrainians during these war crimes.[8] That’s why the Volhynian justice and revenge in 1943–1946 was started by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.[9]

References
  1. Naukova Dumka. Volodymyr Dziobak, “Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and Ukrainian Insurgent Army”. 2005.
  2. Wayback Machine. Ivan Ilyushyn, “Volhynian tragedy 1943”. 1 June 2016.
  3. Himka, John-Paul (2010). "The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army: Unwelcome Elements of an Identity Project". Ab Imperio. 2010 (4): 83–101. doi:10.1353/imp.2010.0101. ISSN 2164-9731.
  4. Motyka, Grzegorz (2022), "The anti-Polish Operation in Volhynia – Apogee of the Massacre", From the Volhynian Massacre to Operation Vistula, Brill, p. 95, ISBN 978-3-657-79537-6, On the night of August 29, UPA men from Lysyi's kurin surrounded the village of Kąty, murdering the inhabitants inside individual farmsteads. According to different sources, between 180 and 213 people lost their lives. They then attacked the village of Jankowce, where 86-87 Poles were killed. After massacring Poles in both villages, Lysyi's kurin arrived in Ostrówek that same day.
  5. "Home, Encyclopedia of Ukraine". www.encyclopediaofukraine.com. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
  6. Бортнік, Тетяна (2021-04-20). "НА ШЛЯХУ ДО СТВОРЕННЯ «СЕЛЬСОЮЗУ»: КОНСОЛІДАЦІЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ПОЛІТИКУМУ ВОЛИНІ, ХОЛМЩИНИ ТА ПІДЛЯШШЯ (1922–1924)". Litopys Volyni (23): 7–12. doi:10.32782/2305-9389/2020.23.01. ISSN 2305-9389.
  7. Prokip, A.V. (2019). "Ukrainian cooperatives in Kholm land and Pidlasiа in 20-40-ies of XX century". Herald of Lviv University of Trade and Economics. Humanitarian sciences (16): 166–171. doi:10.36477/2616-8510-2019-16-19. ISSN 2616-8510.
  8. Прокопов, Вадим (2017-11-30). "ХВОРОБИ ТА ЇХ ЛІКУВАННЯ В ЖИТТІ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ПОВСТАНЦІВ ЗАКЕРЗОННЯ (1944 – 1947 рр.)". Східноєвропейський історичний вісник. 0 (5). doi:10.24919/2519-058x.5.116980. ISSN 2519-058X.
  9. "Supplementum Epigraphicum GraecumSivrihissar (in vico). Op. cit. 334, n. 20". Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
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