Batillariidae

Batillariidae; Temporal range:
	Batillaria multiformis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Superfamily:	Cerithioidea
Family:	Batillariidae; Thiele, 1929[2]
Diversity[3][4]
	14 extant species
Synonyms[5]
	Pyrazidae Hacobjan, 1972[6]; Tiaracerithiinae Bouniol, 1981[7]; Batillaridae;

Batillariidae, common name batillariids or mudcreepers, are a family of marine, cerithioidean gastropod molluscs in thesuperfamily Cerithioidea.[5]

They consist of 14 living species, classified in six to eight genera.[4]

According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the family Batillariidae has no subfamilies. However, a recent molecular study has found that the Batillariidae as traditionally conceived are not monophyletic. The Neotropical genera Lampanella and Rhinocoryne are sister to the Planaxidae. The monophyletic Batillariidae sensu stricto are restricted to the northwestern Pacific and Australasia.[4]

A revised generic classification has been suggested that is consistent with a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis. Accordingly, within the Batillariidae four genera Batillaria, Pyrazus, Velacumantus and Zeacumantus have been recognized. This delimitation of taxa is consistent with a revised definition of the family based on shell characters.[4]

Ecology and distribution

Batillarids are abundant on sandy mudflats, and sometimes on rocky shores, on continental margins in the warm-temperate to tropical regions of the northwestern Pacific Ocean, Australasia and the Americas.[4]

Fossil record and biogeography

Batillariids appeared in the Late Cretaceous or Palaeocene, and the extinct genera Pyrazopsis, Vicinocerithium and Granulolabium became diverse in the Tethyan realm before the group disappeared from Europe at the end of the Miocene. The Batillariidae s. s. reached Australia and New Zealand by the Late Oligocene, and the genera Pyrazus, Velacumantus and Zeacumantus still survive in this refugium of Tethyan fauna.[4] Two lineages, Batillaria and the extinct Tateiwaia, migrated north to China and Japan in the Early Miocene, to establish the present disjunct distribution of this relictual group in southern Australasia and the Oriental region.[4]

Genera

Genera within the family Batillariidae include:[4]

Neotropical genera (to be placed in a new family):

Lampanella Mörch, 1876
Rhinocoryne Martens, 1900

Indopacific genera (Batillariidae sensu stricto):

Batillaria Benson, 1842 - type genus of the family Batillariidae,[5] synonym: Lampania Gray, 1847
Pyrazus Montfort, 1810[1][5]
Zeacumantus Finlay, 1926, synonym: Batillariella Thiele, 1931
Velacumantus Iredale, 1936

Fossil genera:

Granulolabium Cossmann, 1889
Tiaracerithium Sacco, 1895; possibly a synonym of Granulolabium
VicinocerithiumE. Wood, 1910
Tateiwaia Makiyama, 1936
Pyrazopsis Akopjan, 1972

References

Bandel K. (2006). "Families of the Cerithioidea and related superfamilies (Palaeo-Caenogastropoda; Mollusca) from the Triassic to the Recent characterized by protoconch morphology - including the description of new taxa". Freiberger Forschungshefte C 511: 59-138. PDF.
Thiele, J. (1927-35). Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde 1(1): 207.
Strong E. E., Colgan D. J., Healy J. M., Lydeard C., Ponder W. F. & Glaubrecht M. (2011). "Phylogeny of the gastropod superfamily Cerithioidea using morphology and molecules". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162(1): 43-89. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00670.x.
Ozawa, T., Köhler, F., Reid, D.G., Glaubrecht, M. 2009. Tethyan relicts on continental coastlines of the northwestern Pacific Ocean and Australasia: molecular phylogeny and fossil record of batillariid gastropods (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea). Zoologica Scripta, 38: 503-525.
Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
Hacobjan (1972). Izvestiia Akademii Nauk Armianskoi SSR, Nauki o Zemle 25(1): 6.
Bouniol (1981). Bulletin d'Information des Géologues du Bassin de Paris 18(2): 26.

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[Bandel_2006-1] Bandel K. (2006). "Families of the Cerithioidea and related superfamilies (Palaeo-Caenogastropoda; Mollusca) from the Triassic to the Recent characterized by protoconch morphology - including the description of new taxa". Freiberger Forschungshefte C 511: 59-138. PDF.

[2] Thiele, J. (1927-35). Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde 1(1): 207.

[Strong_2011-3] Strong E. E., Colgan D. J., Healy J. M., Lydeard C., Ponder W. F. & Glaubrecht M. (2011). "Phylogeny of the gastropod superfamily Cerithioidea using morphology and molecules". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162(1): 43-89. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00670.x.

[Ozawa_et_al._2010-4] Ozawa, T., Köhler, F., Reid, D.G., Glaubrecht, M. 2009. Tethyan relicts on continental coastlines of the northwestern Pacific Ocean and Australasia: molecular phylogeny and fossil record of batillariid gastropods (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea). Zoologica Scripta, 38: 503-525.

[Bouchet_2005-5] Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.

[6] Hacobjan (1972). Izvestiia Akademii Nauk Armianskoi SSR, Nauki o Zemle 25(1): 6.

[7] Bouniol (1981). Bulletin d'Information des Géologues du Bassin de Paris 18(2): 26.