Bathinda

a iconical Qila Mubarak which was built by King Kanishka in 2nd CE century and is the location where the first Empress of India Razia Sultana was held captive[4]

Bhatinda was changed to Bathinda to conform to the phonetical expression as locally pronounced.[5] According to Henry George Raverty, Bathinda was known as Tabar-i-Hind (Labb-ut-Twarikh) or Tabarhindh, which roughly translates as ‘Gateway to India’. The earliest mention of Tabar-i-Hind occurs in the Jami-Ul-Hakayat written about 607 Hijri or 1211 AD.[6]

In 1004, Mahmud of Ghazni besieged and captured the local fort, which was located on the route from the northwest into the rich Ganges valley. It was ruled by In 1190, Muhammad of Ghor attacked and occupied the fort of Bathinda. Prithviraj Chauhan, the ruler of this region, managed to recover possession of the fort thirteen months later in 1191 after the First Battle of Tarain. However, Prithviraj Chauhan was killed in the Second Battle of Tarain and the fort of Bathinda once again came under the control of Muhammad Ghori.

In 14th century present region of bathinda was ruled by Bhati and Bhanot rulers of that time.

1488, Bathinda was conquered by Rao Bika, son of Jodha of Mandore (founder of Jodhpur) and became part of Bikaner princely state.[7]

Bathinda was an important fort in the area from Delhi to Lahore during the time of the Delhi Sultanate.

In 1634, a battle named Battle of Lahira (at Lahira in Bathinda) was fought between Guru Hargobind and Mughals.

The town had become an important trade and commercial centre under Mughal rule and the Mughal Emperors such as Akbar and Aurangzeb undertook many projects to enhance the fort of Bathinda.

In circa 1754, the town was conquered by Maharaja Ala Singh, the Maharaja of Patiala and since then it followed the history of erstwhile princely state of Patiala. With the dawn of independence and merger of Patiala and East Punjab States into a division called Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU), Bathinda became a full-fledged district with headquarters at Bathinda city.[5]

Bathinda is in the northwestern region of India and is a part of the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains. The exact cartographic co-ordinates of Bathinda are 30.20°N 74.95°E / 30.20; 74.95.[11] It has an average elevation of 201 metres (660 ft).

Bathinda's climate corresponds to semi-arid with high variation between summer and winter temperatures. Average annual rainfall is relatively low, in a range of 20 mm to 40 mm.[12]

In recent times, Summer temperatures of 49 °C (120 °F)[13] and winter temperatures of 1 °C (about 33 °F)[14] were not unknown in Bathinda, lowest being -1.4 °C (29.48 °F) in the winter of 2013[15]

Bhatinda city is governed by Municipal Corporation Bhatinda. The administrative wing is headed by Municipal Commissioner Bikramjit Singh Shergill,[16] while the elected wing is headed by Mayor.

Bhatinda Railway Station has connectivity to most of the major cities in India. Four national highways: NH 7 (Fazilka - Badrinath National Highway), NH 54 (Kenchiyan, Hanumangarh - Pathankot National Highway), NH 148B (Bathinda to Kotputli) and NH 754 (Bathinda to Jalalabad, Fazilka) pass through/near the city.[17]

• Baba Ratan Hindi, who claimed to be the first Indian Muslim
• Harbhajan Mann, actor and singer
• Rajinder Gupta, businessman, founder of TridentGroup
• Mehar Mittal, actor and producer
• Mayank Markande, cricketer
• Gurpreet Singh, artist
• Manny Aulakh, Canadian international cricketer
• Avneet Sidhu, Commonwealth games gold-winning shooter
• Parduman Singh Brar, Shotputter, Asiad gold medallist
• Balkar Sidhu, singer
• Amrit Maan, actor, singer and lyricist
• Balwant Gargi, writer and dramatist
• Riaz ur Rehman Saghar, Pakistani poet and lyricist
• Gurdial Singh, novelist
• Kuldeep Manak, singer
• Janmeja Singh Sekhon, politician
• Sunny and Inder Bawra, composer duo
• Kul Sidhu, theatre artist and actress
• Mehreen Pirzada, actress

There has been increasing incidence of various types of cancer in and around Bathinda. It is attributed to the presence of polluting industries and the indiscriminate use of modern pesticides and other toxic materials in farming. A 2007 epidemiological study found that the surface waters of Bathinda are contaminated with arsenic, cadmium, chromium, selenium and mercury primarily due to the discharge of untreated waste water from surrounding industries. Unscientific farming practices, that emerged after the introduction of Green Revolution, are also alleged to be a reason for growing incidence of not just cancer but also, high rates of spontaneous abortions, reproductive ailments, genetic deformities, anaemia, diarrhoea, vomiting, fluorosis and a host of skin ailments including rashes and boils. Many young couples are also reported to be migrating out to save their children from adverse effects. Hence the government has completely banned the use of ground water in the city for drinking purposes.[22]

In the cleanliness survey, conducted by the Union Ministry of Urban Development, Bathinda scored an all-India rank of 79 and number 1 rank in Punjab.[23]

• Bhucho Mandi 15 km
• Goniana 14 km
• Maur Mandi 69 km
• Rampura Phul 420 km
• Talwandi Sabo 69 km
• Raman 42 km
• Sangat, India 69 km
• Bhagta Bhai, Kotha Guru ka 35 km

• Bathinda district

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bathinda.

• Official website of Bathinda district