Bahasa Istana

Bahasa Istana (Palace Language) or Bahasa Dalam (Internal Language) is a Malay sociolect used among the Brunei and Malaysian royal families either for internal communication or when announcing the affairs of the king or sultan.[1]

In Brunei

In the context of Brunei Malay, Bahasa Dalam is better known as Bahasa Raja-Raja or Bahasa Orang Istana.

Bahasa Dalam is not only used by the royal family, but also by people in the upper class who hold titles, important roles in society, or certain positions in the government. Most of those who are proficient in using Bahasa Dalam come from Kampong Ayer and live along the Brunei River.[2]

Bahasa Dalam sometimes utilizes a different vocabulary from the commonly used Brunei Malay. At other times, it uses the more common vocabulary, but is spoken with a lowered tone and intonation, soft, polite and arranged in a figurative context.[2]

In Malaysia

Bahasa Istana is a dialect rich in courtesy and politeness. It is used for communication between the royal family and the common people or when talking about the affairs of the ruler and the palace, especially in an official context.[3]

Vocabulary

The vocabulary of Bahasa Istana is as follows:[4]

Bahasa Istana Malay English
Almarhum Allahyarham The deceased
ampun kurnia maaf sorry
anugerah beri; hadiah give; award
baginda dia (rakyat menyapa raja) he (people greeting the king)
beradu tidur sleep
berangkat berlepas; bertolak take off; leave
mencemar duli berjalan; pergi ke walk; go to
berkenan sudi / suka akan willing / willing to
berputera melahirkan anak lelaki gave birth to a son
bersabda berkata said
bersiram mandi shower
bertitah berkata / menyuruh said / ordered
beta saya (raja) I (king)
daulat bahagia happy
gering sakit sick
hari keputeraan hari jadi seseorang someone's birthday
hulu kepala head
iram-iram payung umbrella
kaus kasut shoes
kurnia beri; hadiah give; gifts
mahkota topi hat
makam kubur grave
mangkat meninggal dunia die
menghadap menjumpai find
murka marah angry
patik saya (rakyat menghadap raja) I (people facing the king)
peraduan tempat tidur bed
permaisuri isteri baginda his wife
putera anak lelaki baginda his son
puteri anak perempuan baginda his daughter
santap makan eat
semayam duduk; tinggal sit down; stay
sembah memberi salam greet
singgahsana kerusi chair
titah kata; perintah said; command

References
  1. Bahasa Verbal dan Bukan Verbal II (in Malay). ITBM. 2009. p. 155. ISBN 978-983-068-466-6.
  2. Bahasa Dalam (PDF) (in Malay). Brunei Darussalam: Jabatan Adat Istiadat Negara. 2018. p. 1.
  3. Halid, Azura (2022-06-05). "Dirgahayu bahasa istana: Membentuk budaya masyarakat yang luhur". www.astroawani.com. Retrieved 2023-07-25.
  4. "BAHASA ISTANA". Istana Negara. Retrieved 2023-07-25.
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