Der Herr ist mein getreuer Hirt, BWV 112

Bach structured the cantata in five movements. The text and tune of the hymn are kept in the outer choral movements, a chorale fantasia and a four-part closing chorale, which frame an alternating arias and a recitative. Bach scored the work for four vocal soloists (soprano, alto, tenor, bass), a four-part choir and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of two horns (Co), two oboes d'amore (Oa), two violins (Vl), viola (Va) and basso continuo.[8]

In the following table of the movements, the scoring follows the Neue Bach-Ausgabe.[8] The keys and time signatures are taken from Alfred Dürr, using the symbol for common time (⁴
₄).[3] The continuo, playing throughout, is not shown.

Movements of Der Herr ist mein getreuer Hirt

No.	Title	Text	Type	Vocal	Winds	Strings	Key	Time
1	Der Herr ist mein getreuer Hirt	Meuslin	Chorale fantasia	SATB	2Co 2Oa	2Vl Va	G major
2	Zum reinen Wasser er mich weist	Meuslin	Aria	A	Oa			6 8
3	Und ob ich wandelt im finstern Tal	Meuslin	Recitative	B		2Vl Va
4	Du bereitest für mir einen Tisch	Meuslin	Aria (Duetto)	S T		2Vl Va	D major
5	Gutes und die Barmherzigkeit	Meuslin	Chorale	SATB	2Co 2Oa	2Vl Va	G major

In the opening chorus, a chorale fantasia, the melody of the German Gloria "Allein Gott in der Höh sei Ehr" is embedded in an orchestral concerto. The movement opens with calls derived from the chorale tune played on the two horns, leading to a free concerto with the strings and oboes. The cantus firmus is sung by the soprano in long notes, while the lower voices engage in imitation.[9] John Eliot Gardiner compares the movement to the openings of the two former cantatas for the same occasion: "The presence of two horns ... reveals a much more regal portrait of the Good Shepherd than we have previously met."[7] Both Alfred Dürr and Klaus Hofmann assume that the music was not originally composed for this pastoral text, but previously, for the Gloria.[3][6] Bach had composed a different chorale fantasia on the same melody in Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein, BWV 128, with similar instrumentation.[10]

The inner three movements quote the text of the hymn without change, but their music is not related to the hymn tune. The alto aria is accompanied by an obbligato oboe. It is structured in two similar parts,[3] and is in pastoral ⁶
₈.[6] The steady flow of the oboe can be seen as depicting the "pure water" mentioned in the text, the steps in the continuo as "the steps made on this significant journey" "on the pathway of the righteousness of His commandments".[10]

The central movement begins as an arioso, accompanied by the continuo, illustrating the walk through the "valley of darkness". The second part is a dramatic recitative with strings, first expressing "Verfolgung, Leiden, Trübsal" (persecution, sorrow, trouble)[1] in a broken melodic line against sustained string chords, then "Thy rod and Thy staff comfort me", where the "first violins weave a comforting little melody".[7][10]

The following duet expresses enjoyment at God's table in a dance, a bourrée.[7]

The cantata closes with a four-part chorale, most instruments playing colla parte, while the horns play different parts because of their limited range.[3]