BTNL2
Butyrophilin-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BTNL2 gene.[5][6][7]
| BTNL2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Aliases | BTNL2, BTL-II, BTN7, HSBLMHC1, SS2, butyrophilin like 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 606000 MGI: 1859549 HomoloGene: 10482 GeneCards: BTNL2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Because it is associated with the immune system and the major histocompatibility complex, it has been implicated in many diseases (see further reading list below). A large scale study found it to be the protein under the most stringent selection in the human genome in 8 out of 12 geographic regions using the HKA test.[8]
References
- ENSG00000229741, ENSG00000226127, ENSG00000224770, ENSG00000225412, ENSG00000224242, ENSG00000229597, ENSG00000204290, ENSG00000275798 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000225845, ENSG00000229741, ENSG00000226127, ENSG00000224770, ENSG00000225412, ENSG00000224242, ENSG00000229597, ENSG00000204290, ENSG00000275798 - Ensembl, May 2017
- GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024340 - Ensembl, May 2017
- "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- Stammers M, Rowen L, Rhodes D, Trowsdale J, Beck S (May 2000). "BTL-II: a polymorphic locus with homology to the butyrophilin gene family, located at the border of the major histocompatibility complex class II and class III regions in human and mouse". Immunogenetics. 51 (4–5): 373–82. doi:10.1007/s002510050633. PMID 10803852. S2CID 31938388.
- Valentonyte R, Hampe J, Huse K, Rosenstiel P, Albrecht M, Stenzel A, Nagy M, Gaede KI, Franke A, Haesler R, Koch A, Lengauer T, Seegert D, Reiling N, Ehlers S, Schwinger E, Platzer M, Krawczak M, Muller-Quernheim J, Schurmann M, Schreiber S (Mar 2005). "Sarcoidosis is associated with a truncating splice site mutation in BTNL2". Nat Genet. 37 (4): 357–64. doi:10.1038/ng1519. PMID 15735647. S2CID 11965918.
- "Entrez Gene: BTNL2 butyrophilin-like 2 (MHC class II associated)".
- Pagani, Luca; Lawson, Daniel John; Jagoda, Evelyn; Mörseburg, Alexander; Eriksson, Anders; Mitt, Mario; Clemente, Florian; Hudjashov, Georgi; DeGiorgio, Michael; Saag, Lauri; Wall, Jeffrey D.; Cardona, Alexia; Mägi, Reedik; Sayres, Melissa A. Wilson; Kaewert, Sarah; Inchley, Charlotte; Scheib, Christiana L.; Järve, Mari; Karmin, Monika; Jacobs, Guy S.; Antao, Tiago; Iliescu, Florin Mircea; Kushniarevich, Alena; Ayub, Qasim; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Xue, Yali; Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Tambets, Kristiina; Mallick, Chandana Basu; Saag, Lehti; Pocheshkhova, Elvira; Andriadze, George; Muller, Craig; Westaway, Michael C.; Lambert, David M.; Zoraqi, Grigor; Turdikulova, Shahlo; Dalimova, Dilbar; Sabitov, Zhaxylyk; Sultana, Gazi Nurun Nahar; Lachance, Joseph; Tishkoff, Sarah; Momynaliev, Kuvat; Isakova, Jainagul; Damba, Larisa D.; Gubina, Marina; Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn; Evseeva, Irina; Atramentova, Lubov; Utevska, Olga; Ricaut, François-Xavier; Brucato, Nicolas; Sudoyo, Herawati; Letellier, Thierry; Cox, Murray P.; Barashkov, Nikolay A.; Škaro, Vedrana; Mulahasanovic´, Lejla; Primorac, Dragan; Sahakyan, Hovhannes; Mormina, Maru; Eichstaedt, Christina A.; Lichman, Daria V.; Abdullah, Syafiq; Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Wee, Joseph T. S.; Mihailov, Evelin; Karunas, Alexandra; Litvinov, Sergei; Khusainova, Rita; Ekomasova, Natalya; Akhmetova, Vita; Khidiyatova, Irina; Marjanović, Damir; Yepiskoposyan, Levon; Behar, Doron M.; Balanovska, Elena; Metspalu, Andres; Derenko, Miroslava; Malyarchuk, Boris; Voevoda, Mikhail; Fedorova, Sardana A.; Osipova, Ludmila P.; Lahr, Marta Mirazón; Gerbault, Pascale; Leavesley, Matthew; Migliano, Andrea Bamberg; Petraglia, Michael; Balanovsky, Oleg; Khusnutdinova, Elza K.; Metspalu, Ene; Thomas, Mark G.; Manica, Andrea; Nielsen, Rasmus; Villems, Richard; Willerslev, Eske; Kivisild, Toomas; Metspalu, Mait (21 September 2016). "Genomic analyses inform on migration events during the peopling of Eurasia". Nature. 538 (7624): 238–242. Bibcode:2016Natur.538..238P. doi:10.1038/nature19792. PMC 5164938. PMID 27654910.
External links
- Human BTNL2 genome location and BTNL2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Further reading
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, et al. (2003). "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6". Nature. 425 (6960): 805–11. Bibcode:2003Natur.425..805M. doi:10.1038/nature02055. PMID 14574404.
- Hiller M, Huse K, Szafranski K, et al. (2005). "Widespread occurrence of alternative splicing at NAGNAG acceptors contributes to proteome plasticity". Nat. Genet. 36 (12): 1255–7. doi:10.1038/ng1469. PMID 15516930. S2CID 1929093.
- Rybicki BA, Walewski JL, Maliarik MJ, et al. (2006). "The BTNL2 gene and sarcoidosis susceptibility in African Americans and Whites". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 77 (3): 491–9. doi:10.1086/444435. PMC 1226214. PMID 16080124.
- Traherne JA, Barcellos LF, Sawcer SJ, et al. (2006). "Association of the truncating splice site mutation in BTNL2 with multiple sclerosis is secondary to HLA-DRB1*15". Hum. Mol. Genet. 15 (1): 155–61. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi436. PMID 16321988.
- Orozco G, Eerligh P, Sánchez E, et al. (2006). "Analysis of a functional BTNL2 polymorphism in type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus". Hum. Immunol. 66 (12): 1235–41. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2006.02.003. PMID 16690410.
- Campo I, Morbini P, Zorzetto M, et al. (2007). "Expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products in sarcoid granulomas". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 175 (5): 498–506. doi:10.1164/rccm.200601-136OC. PMID 17170388.
- Arnett HA, Escobar SS, Gonzalez-Suarez E, et al. (2007). "BTNL2, a butyrophilin/B7-like molecule, is a negative costimulatory molecule modulated in intestinal inflammation". J. Immunol. 178 (3): 1523–33. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.178.3.1523. PMID 17237401.
- Möller M, Kwiatkowski R, Nebel A, et al. (2007). "Allelic variation in BTNL2 and susceptibility to tuberculosis in a South African population". Microbes Infect. 9 (4): 522–8. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2007.01.011. PMID 17347014.
- Johnson CM, Traherne JA, Jamieson SE, et al. (2007). "Analysis of the BTNL2 truncating splice site mutation in tuberculosis, leprosy and Crohn's disease". Tissue Antigens. 69 (3): 236–41. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00795.x. PMID 17493147.
- Mochida A, Kinouchi Y, Negoro K, et al. (2007). "Butyrophilin-like 2 gene is associated with ulcerative colitis in the Japanese under strong linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DRB1*1502". Tissue Antigens. 70 (2): 128–35. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00866.x. PMID 17610417.
- Spagnolo P, Sato H, Grutters JC, et al. (2007). "Analysis of BTNL2 genetic polymorphisms in British and Dutch patients with sarcoidosis". Tissue Antigens. 70 (3): 219–27. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00879.x. PMID 17661910.
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