Azem Hajdari

Azem Shpend Hajdari (Albanian: [ˈazɛm hajdaˈɾi], March 11, 1963 – September 12, 1998) was the leader of the student movement in 1990–1991 that led to the fall of communism in Albania. He then became a politician of the Democratic Party of Albania (DP). He symbolizes the start of the democratic era in Albania.[2][3] He was a member of the Albanian parliament and the Chairman of the Defence Parliamentary Commission. He was assassinated in Tirana on September 12, 1998.[4]

Azem Hajdari
Member of Albanian Parliament
In office
1991–1998
DeputyAssembly of the Republic of Albania
Chairman of the Defense Parliamentary Commission
Prime MinisterAleksandër Meksi
Personal details
Born(1963-03-11)March 11, 1963
Bajram Curri, Tropojë, Albania
DiedSeptember 12, 1998(1998-09-12) (aged 35)
Tirana, Albania
Cause of deathAssassinated
Political partyDemocratic Party
Domestic partnerFatmira Hajdari [1]
ChildrenKirardi, Rudina and Azem Jr.
Alma materUniversity of Tirana
Professionphilosophy
Signature

On October 2, 1998, Hajdari was posthumously awarded honorary citizenship of Tirana,[5] and in 2007 he was decorated with the Skanderbeg's Order by president Bamir Topi.[1]

A monument honoring Hajdari and his bodyguard Besim Çera was placed on the crime scene where both were killed (41°19′38″N 19°49′19″E).[6][7]

The entrance road towards Valbona Valley National Park in northern Albania bears his name.

Early life
Monument dedicated to Azem Hajdari in Tirana

Hajdari came from a working family. He finished elementary school and high school in Bajram Curri. Hajdari studied philosophy at the University of Tirana, and was married to Fatmira Hajdari, with whom he had three children: Kirardi, Rudina, and Azem Junior (who was born four months after Hajdari's assassination).[4] He was one of the main leaders of student demonstrations that brought the collapse of the Party of Labour of Albania in December 1990.[8] He was also, briefly, the first leader of the Democratic Party of Albania (DP). He remained in that position until he was replaced in early 1991 by Sali Berisha, who later became Prime Minister of Albania. Hajdari was a close associate of Berisha, and came from the same district of Tropojë.[3]

Education

In 1993 Hajdari graduated on Philosophy Branch at the University of Tirana. In 1995 he graduated Jurisprudence again at the University of Tirana. On 1993 until 1994: Studied English language and philosophy in the United States and at 1996 he studied defense and security policy in Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Germany. Political activities in his youth included serving as a leader of the students' movement which overthrew communism in Albania. From December 1990 to February 1991, he was Chairman of the Leading Commission of the Democratic Party (the first opposition party after 50 years of totalitarian regime). From February 1991 to September 1993 he was Deputy-Chairman of the Democratic Party and a member of its steering committee.

Public service

In the four free elections after the collapse of communism, Hajdari has been elected a Member of Parliament.

Hajdari served as Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission on the Public Order and the National Intelligence Service from 1992–1996. In 1996 he was the Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission on the Public Order and the National Intelligence Service, and is November 1996 became President of the United Independent Albanian Trade Unions. In June 1997 he became the Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission of Defense.

From 1995 to 1998, Hajdari was the President of the KS Vllaznia Shkodër, the first sport club in Albania. He also served as the President of the Albanian Federation of Martial arts.

Assassination attempts

Hajdari began receiving death threats from the beginning of his involvement in the student protests. On March 22, 1991, he received a package containing a severed rooster head and a letter written in blood: "Azem Hajdari, you are sentenced to death."[4]

Tropojë attack

On June 4, 1998, at about 22:30, Hajdari and other members of the DP (including Jozefina Topalli and Vili Minarolli) were ambushed by gunmen. Bardhyl Pollo, former General Director of Albanian Radio and TV, was seriously wounded.[4]

Shot in Parliament

On September 18, 1997, Hajdari fought with Gafur Mazreku, a Member of Parliament of the Prime Minister Fatos Nano's governing Socialist Party, in a dispute over a proposed increase in the added value tax.[9] Mazreku shot Hajdari five times with a pistol and ran from the hall. Hajdari was taken to a military hospital in grave condition.[10]

Mazreku ran to the nearby Albanian telegraph agency building, where he surrendered to police.[10]

Mazreku was sentenced to eight years imprisonment by parliament.[8]

On December 17, the court located in Tirana sentenced Mazreku to eleven years in prison for attempted murder. The prosecutor had demanded a 16-year sentence. Mazreku argued that he fired the shots in an act of revenge after Hajdari verbally assaulted and punched him.[11] Hajdari, however, claimed the attack was politically motivated.[12]

Assassination

Hajdari was shot and killed as he stepped out of the Democratic Party's office in Tirana with his two bodyguards, Besim Çera, who was killed, and Zenel Neza, who was seriously injured but survived. The three men were shot by Fatmir Haklaj who had been waiting in a car parked nearby.[13] Hajdari was taken to the hospital by Besnik Docaj, a fellow Democrat. Cangu was seriously injured, and later died in hospital.[14]

Hajdari died of severe shock from trauma and hemorrhaging due to numerous wounds to the chest and stomach.[14] He was posthumously awarded a Martyr of Democracy award. Neza asked for asylum in the United States.[13]

Reaction

The murder triggered two days of violent protests. During Hajdari's funeral procession on September 14, 1998, armed DP supporters ransacked government offices, and for a brief period, held the PM's office, the parliament building, and the Albanian State television and radio building.[15] Estimates of casualties during the protests and riots ranged between 3 and 7 deaths and 14 and 76 injuries.[16] After 72 hours, the Government restored order and reclaimed tanks and armored personnel carriers seized by DP supporters. Parliament subsequently lifted Berisha's immunity due to his alleged role in what the government described as a coup d'état, but no charges were laid. Berisha blamed the Socialist Party of Albania and its leaders for the murder. Twelve people were arrested for their alleged involvement in the violence.[17] In February 2002 five people, including Jaho Mulosmani, were sentenced for the murder by a Tirana district court.[18]

Awards

See also

References
  1. "Fatmira Hajdari: Pse duhet rihetuar vrasja e Azemit" (in Albanian). Shekulli. Archived from the original on 2012-03-24.
  2. "Azem Hajdari". NY Times. Archived from the original on 2020-08-19.
  3. "Who Killed Azem Hajdari". dissidentvoice.org. 24 July 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-07-26. Retrieved 2010-12-09.
  4. "Azem Hajdari, sot me emrin e Heroit" (in Albanian). Infoarkiv.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
  5. "Azem Hajdari" (PDF) (in Albanian). Tirana gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21.
  6. "Kryetarja e Kuvendit në takimin festiv me mijra e mijra të rinj në përkujtim të Ditës Kombëtare të Rinisë". parlament.al. Archived from the original on 2011-09-27.
  7. "Kryetarja e Kuvendit Jozefina Topalli viziton shtëpinë e Heroit të Demokracisë". parlament.al. Archived from the original on 2011-09-27.
  8. Partos, Gabriel (September 23, 1998). "Obituary: Azem Hajdari". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
  9. "Azem Hajdari, të gjitha detajet e vrasjes së shekullit" (in Albanian). Mapo. Archived from the original on 2020-05-23. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
  10. "Azem Hajdari and Gafur Mazreku fight". Hri.org. September 18, 1997. Archived from the original on November 7, 2004. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
  11. Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. Europa Publications Limited. 1999. p. 111. ISBN 9781857430585. Archived from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
  12. "Newsline – December 18, 1997". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. rferl.org. 20 June 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-12-15. Retrieved 2010-12-09.
  13. "On the political assassinations, arrests and persecution of the opposition by the neo-communist regime in Albania". Hartford-hwp.com. Archived from the original on November 18, 2006. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
  14. "Mulosmani: Haklaj ekzekutoi me dy armë Azem Hajdarin" (in Albanian). Gazeta Shqip. Archived from the original on 2011-10-03.
  15. Albanians Clear the Way For the Arrest Of Ex-President Archived 2017-07-29 at the Wayback Machine, Published: September 19, 1998 NY Times
  16. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Refworld | Selected Political and Human Rights Issues". UNHCR. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
  17. Jeffries, Ian (2002). Eastern Europe at the turn of the ... – Google Boeken. Routledge. ISBN 9780415236713. Archived from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
  18. "On the political assassinations, arrests and persecution of the opposition by the neo-communist regime in Albania". hartford-hwp.com. Archived from the original on 2006-11-18. Retrieved 2010-12-09.

Further reading
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