Australian National Council on Drugs

Excessive drug use causes related harm to Indigenous Australians. Strategies to address these significant problems are the key focus of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander supplementary action plan, was approved by the Council of Ministers for drug strategy.

In 2004, The Australian National Council on Drugs established National Indigenous Drug and Alcohol (NIADC) as a part of Federal Government specifically provides advice to ANCD to solve the drug issues of indigenous in Australia.

National Indigenous Drug and Alcohol (NIADC) plays an important role in ensuring that Indigenous Australians have a voice in the development of policies and programs that affect their communities. NIADC provides high-quality and independent advice to the government through consultation feedback and the expertise of its members to help Indigenous Australians tackle alcohol and other drug problems,[4] and funding for indigenous treatment and related support services[8]

In December 2014, NIADC was defunded and closed their website. The NIADC website contents were archived by ATODA website.[9]

The BEST program includes Family Therapy and Behaviour Therapy.[10] The aspects of this program are to improve parents of young substance abusers' emotional wellbeing, and focus on addressing the relationship between responsibility and shame.[11]

According to the previous work on their parents, researchers recognised most parents blame themselves by their drug – abusing kids. Secondly, adolescents' behaviours determine their parents emotional state and Well – Being. This Program concentrated on understanding and changing the interaction between young people and their parents which depended on young people's behaviour and parents’discernment on their behaviour and their relationship.[11]

The BEST program is a nine-week curriculum, was designed for the child aged between 12–24 years old, consist of eight weekly meetings.[12]

The first four weeks of the program focused on challenging parents to take different views of the relationship between parents and young people. The separation of adolescent development tasks is emphasized to encourage parents to reduce their sense of responsibility for solving adolescent behavioural problems. It has been assumed that, in turn, parents' distress may be reduced. The remaining four weeks tasks are based on the principle of the Behaviour Therapy, aims to reduce drug misuse by bringing out their responsible behaviours.[13]

Parents' coping skills training program was designed based on coping with the perspective of tension and parents' response to substance abuse in adolescents can help improve parents' own psychological function and reduce young people drug abuse. This program was designed for the youth drug abusers (aged between 12–21 years)' parents.[14]

The parent coping skills training program is an eight - week group training program designed for educating parents on common problems arising from drug abuse among adolescents.[14] The Topic discuss in the sessions were: replacing negative thoughts with positive thoughts, accurate information of drugs; communication points; use of positive and negative consequences; development of internal rules; issues related to young people’s treatment and post-treatment that can help parents.[14]

The standard problem - solving model is used to discuss Parent Situation Inventory, an inventory of typical problems faced by parents of youth substance abuser, in groups. In this model, problems are identified and alternative solutions are proposed and evaluated. Group facilitators will role play with parent volunteers and encourage parents to do the role-play of situations.[15]

This theory defines the personal functioning and one's main relationship environment, family are interrelated. Functional difficulties are conceptualized according to recurring patterns and the order of interactions between family members.[16] Generally, drug abuse among adolescents is considered to related to their family members, their communication and interaction.[17] The focus of this treatment on changing the pattern on parental interaction that allows, continues, or encourages problematic drug abuse behaviour. Thus, the young people’s behaviour is discerned family members in all their simultaneous interaction.[18]

Cognitive Behaviour Theory (CBT) has been comprised in the traditional Family – Based interventions to defined that youth problematic drug abuse based on the family members behaviour. From this perspective, drug abuse is seen as a conditional behaviour, whether substance abuse may be directly imitated and reinforced by other family members, or whether parents are tolerant of young people's initial attempts at drugs. For this perspective, the treatment of adolescents' substance misuse appears again in the family, especially in skills training to manage the behaviour in the family. Thereby, conditions and behaviours that are compatible with drug use decrease with the strengthening of conditions incompatible with drug abuse. The focus of treatment on emergency administration training to enhance minimise material, abuse, and various other skills training.[18]

Multi-dimensional family therapy (MDFT) was created for improving the ability of adolescents and their families in risk behaviours and multiple functional areas. It has been tested in different environments and different populations, and has proved to be effective.[19] Multi-dimensional family therapy is a comprehensive, developmental/ ecological, family based multi-component and phased intervention,[20] it addresses the internal aspects, including the adolescents who abuse drugs for coping with their stress, the parenting practices of parents, other substance -abusing family member in home, conflicts between young people and parents, the development and persistence of drug abuse and other related issues. This treatment directly affects both parents and adolescents’s functioning via social systems, such as school, occupation, peer networks, anti – social and substance abuse.[21]

Alcohol and other Drugs (AOD) treatment is an integral part of a multifaceted approach to reducing the impact of Drug use harms on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders and their communities.[22]

The uses of Indigenous Family coping model are supported by Centacare NT. This program aimed at reducing the drug – abusing harm and harm on family experiencing. Family -Based Interventions provide enormous potential for reducing the Drug use harm.[23]

The treatment was designed to reducing the drug use harm by

• Recognising the needs of families in AOD treatment stress-related issues
• Educating families dependent on Drug use
• Recognising the mental health issues of both drug abusers and family members.[23]

was supported by Kurbingui Youth Association in the Outer Northern Brisbane – Sillmere, Sandgate, Bracken Ridge, Aspley, Nundah and Banyo, QLD.[24] to deal with youth substance abuser in Indigenous Family.

This Family supporting program includes:

• Education on types, signs and effects of drugs
• Young people and drugs, the scope of drug abuse and the cycle of change
• The changing role of parents