Atta cephalotes

Atta cephalotes is a species of leafcutter ant in the tribe Attini (the fungus-growing ants). A single colony of ants can contain up to 5 million members, and each colony has one queen that can live more than 15 years. The colony comprises different castes, known as "task partitioning", and each caste has a different job to do.[2]

Atta cephalotes
Atta cephalotes worker carrying leaf segment
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Myrmicinae
Genus: Atta
Species:
A. cephalotes
Binomial name
Atta cephalotes
Synonyms
  • Atta cephalotes integrior Forel, 1904
  • Atta cephalotes isthmicola Weber, 1941
  • Atta cephalotes oaxaquensis Gonçalves, 1942
  • Atta cephalotes opaca Forel, 1904
  • Atta cephalotes polita Emery, 1905
  • Atta lutea Forel, 1893
  • Formica fervens Drury, 1782
  • Formica grossa Fabricius, 1787
  • Formica migratoria De Geer, 1773
  • Formica visitatrix Christ, 1791

Taxonomy

The species is one of the earliest formally classified ants, first described by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 as Formica cephalotes in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae together with 16 other ant species, all of which he placed in the genus Formica.[3] It was later transferred to a new genus, Atta, along with five other species by Danish zoologist Johan Christian Fabricius in 1804.[4] In 1911, American entomologist William Morton Wheeler designated A. cephalotes as the type species of Atta.[5] It was also designated as the type species of Oecodoma, but the genus is now a synonym of Atta.[6]

Biology and behaviour

A special caste of workers manages the colony's rubbish dump. These ants are excluded from the rest of the colony. If any wander outside the dump, the other ants will kill them or force them back. Rubbish workers are often contaminated with disease and toxins, and live only half as long as their peers.[7]

Distribution and habitat

The species is widely distributed in the Neotropical region, from Mexico to Bolivia, with disjunct populations in Amazonas and north-eastern Brazil.[8]

Across the rainforest floor they typically occupy an area of approximately 20 square feet. They live in nests that can be as deep as 7 metres that they have carefully positioned so that a breeze can rid the nest of the dangerous levels of CO2 given off by the fungus they farm and eat.[9]

References
  1. "Species: Atta cephalotes". AntWeb. 2010-06-30. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
  2. Wilson, Edward O. (December 1983). "Caste and division of labor in leaf-cutter ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Atta): III. Ergonomic resiliency in foraging by A. cephalotes". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 14 (1): 47–54. doi:10.1007/BF00366655. ISSN 0340-5443. S2CID 23048898.
  3. Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I (10th ed.). Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii). pp. 579–582.
  4. Fabricius, J. C. 1804. Systema Piezatorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Brunswick: C. Reichard, p. 421
  5. Wheeler, W. M. (1911). "A list of the type species of the genera and subgenera of Formicidae". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 21: 157–175. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1911.tb56932.x. S2CID 85430772.
  6. Swainson, W.; Shuckard, W.E. (1840). On the history and natural arrangement of insects. Vol. 104. London, UK: Longman, Brown, Green & Longman's. p. 174. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.32786. OCLC 4329243.
  7. "Treated like garbage". New Scientist. 2001-01-20. Retrieved 2015-08-17.
  8. Corrêa, M.M.; Bieber, A.G.D.; Wirth, R.; Leal, I.R. (2005). "Occurrence of Atta cephalotes (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil". Neotropical Entomology. 34 (4): 695–698. doi:10.1590/S1519-566X2005000400023.
  9. Sousa, Kátia K. A.; Camargo, Roberto S.; Caldato, Nadia; Farias, Adriano P.; Matos, Carlos A. O.; Zanuncio, José C.; Santos, Isabel C. L.; Forti, Luiz C. (December 2021). "Carbon dioxide levels in initial nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): 20562. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-00099-8. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 8523712. PMID 34663831.
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