Atingkok
"Atingkok" (Meitei: ꯑꯇꯤꯡꯀꯣꯛ) (literally, "father void"[1]) is the Supreme Creator God of the universe in Meitei mythology and religion.[2][3][4] He is regarded as the legendary male ancestor of the living beings on the earth.[5]
| Atingkok | |
|---|---|
Supreme Creator God King of the Heaven and God of the Sky | |
| Member of Primordial deities | |
 "Atingkok" is represented by the Meitei numerical letter "꯱" ("Ama", meaning "One"). | |
| Other names | Names of the Supreme God in Meitei religion |
| Meitei | ꯑꯇꯤꯡꯀꯣꯛ |
| Affiliation | Meitei religion (Sanamahism) |
| Abode | Everywhere |
| Weapons | Thunderbolt, spear, polo stick |
| Texts | Wakoklon Heelel Thilel Salai Amailon Pukok Puya, Khongjomnubi Nongarol, Konthoujam Nongarol, Leisemlon, Leithak Leikharol, Sakok Lamlen, Tutenglon |
| Gender | Male |
| Region | Ancient Manipur |
| Ethnic group | Meitei ethnicity |
| Festivals | Lai Haraoba |
| Personal information | |
| Consorts | Leimarel Sidabi, Konthoujam Tampha Lairembi |
| Children | |
| Equivalents | |
| Greek equivalent | Zeus |
| Roman equivalent | Jupiter |
| Hinduism equivalent | Vishnu, Indra |
Names
In Sanamahism (Meitei religion), Atingkok, the Supreme God is known with 1000 names as mentioned in multiple Meitei scriptures. In Sanamahism, the Supreme God, himself, is the Creator of the Universe as well as the King of the Heaven. He is also the God of the Sky. He is the one who controls weather, rain, thunder and lightning.[6]
| Classical Meitei | Transliteration (including different spellings) | English Translations |
|---|---|---|
| ꯀꯨꯂꯨ (ꯀꯨꯔꯨ) | Kulu (Kuru) | "The Round Hemisphere"[7] or "The Endless Sky" or "The Eternal one"[8] |
| ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯂꯦꯟ/ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟ (ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯂꯦꯜ/ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯂꯦꯜ, ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟ/ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯟ, ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯜ/ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯜ) | Salailen (Salailel, Salairen or Salairel) | "The Supreme Breeder"[9] |
| ꯁꯤꯇꯄ ꯃꯄꯨ (ꯁꯤꯗꯕ ꯃꯄꯨ) | Sitapa Mapu (Sidaba Mapu) | "Immortal Master" or "Eternal God" or "Immortal God"[6][10][11] |
| ꯁꯣꯔꯥꯔꯦꯟ/ꯁꯣꯔꯥꯔꯦꯜ | Soraren/Sorarel | "King of the Gods"[12] |
| ꯂꯥꯢ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ (ꯂꯥꯏ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ) | Lai Ningthou | "King of the Gods" |
| ꯂꯥꯢ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯄ/ꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ | Lai Awangpa/Lai Awangba | "High God" |
| ꯅꯣꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ | Nong Ningthou | "King of the Sky" or "King of the Rains" |
| ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ | Chingu Ningthou/Chi-ngoo Ningthou | "King of the Gods" |
| ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯟꯆꯨꯝꯄ (ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯟꯖꯨꯝꯕ) | Chingu Ningthou/Chi-ngoo Ningthou Paanchumpa (Paanjumba) | "Divine King with flawless aim" |
| ꯇꯥꯏꯄꯪ ꯃꯄꯨ/ꯇꯥꯢꯄꯪ ꯃꯄꯨ (ꯇꯥꯏꯕꯪ ꯃꯄꯨ/ꯇꯥꯢꯕꯪ ꯃꯄꯨ) | Taipang Mapu (Taibang Mapu) | "Master of the Universe"[13] |
| ꯇꯦꯡꯄꯥꯟꯄ ꯃꯄꯨ (ꯇꯦꯡꯕꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯄꯨ) | Tengpanpa Mapu (Tengbanba Mapu) | "Master of the Universe" |
| ꯈꯥꯛꯄ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ | Khaakpa Ningthou/Khakpa Ningthou | "King of Thunder and Lightning" |
| ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ | Khoyum Ningthou | "King of the Gods" |
| ꯌꯥꯢꯄꯤꯂꯦꯜ/ꯌꯥꯏꯄꯤꯂꯦꯜ (ꯌꯥꯢꯄꯤꯂꯦꯟ/ꯌꯥꯏꯄꯤꯂꯦꯟ, ꯌꯥꯢꯄꯤꯔꯦꯜ/ꯌꯥꯏꯄꯤꯔꯦꯜ, ꯌꯥꯢꯄꯤꯔꯦꯟ/ꯌꯥꯏꯄꯤꯔꯦꯟ) | Yaipilel (Yaipilen, Yaipirel, Yaipiren) | "The Supreme Soul"[14] |
| ꯌꯥꯢꯕꯤꯂꯦꯜ/ꯌꯥꯏꯕꯤꯂꯦꯜ (ꯌꯥꯢꯕꯤꯂꯦꯟ/ꯌꯥꯏꯕꯤꯂꯦꯟ, ꯌꯥꯢꯕꯤꯔꯦꯜ/ꯌꯥꯏꯕꯤꯔꯦꯜ, ꯌꯥꯢꯕꯤꯔꯦꯟ/ꯌꯥꯏꯕꯤꯔꯦꯟ) | Yaibilel (Yaibilen, Yaibirel, Yaibiren) | "The Supreme Soul"[14] |
| ꯏꯄꯨꯂꯣꯢ/ꯏꯄꯨꯂꯣꯏ (ꯏꯄꯨꯔꯣꯢ/ꯏꯄꯨꯔꯣꯏ) | Eepuloi (Eepuroi) | "Supreme Grandfather" |
| ꯑꯆꯤꯄ/ꯑꯆꯤꯕ | Achipa/Achiba | |
| ꯑꯇꯤꯛꯉꯥ | Atik-ngaa | |
| ꯑꯇꯤꯡꯀꯣꯛ | Atingkok | "The Void" or "An empty space"[15] |
| ꯑꯇꯤꯌꯥ | Atiya | "The Sky"[12][16] |
| ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯄ/ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ | Awangpa/Awangba | "High" |
| ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯄꯥꯈꯪ ꯌꯣꯏꯂꯦꯜꯄ (ꯌꯣꯏꯔꯦꯜꯄ) | Awang Pakhang Yoilelpa (Yoirelpa) | "Eastern Handsome Man" or "Highland Handsome Man" |
See also
References
- Traditional Customs and Rituals of Northeast India: Arunachal Pradesh, meghalaya, Manipur, Assam. Vivekananda Kendra Institute of Culture. 2002.
- Parratt, Saroj Nalini (1997). The Pleasing of the Gods: Meitei Lai Haraoba. Vikas Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-259-0416-8.
- Brara, N. Vijaylakshmi (1998). Politics, Society, and Cosmology in India's North East. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-564331-2.
- Mohd. Anis Md. Nor (2012). Dancing Mosaic: Issues on Dance Hybridity. Cultural Centre, University of Malaya. ISBN 978-967-03-8017-9.
- International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics: IJDL. Department of Linguistics, University of Kerala. 2011.
- Suresh Singh, Dr Th (2 June 2014). The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India. ISBN 9789384318000.
- Nepram, Binalakshmi (2002). South Asia's Fractured Frontier: Armed Conflict, Narcotics and Small Arms Proliferation in India's North East. ISBN 9788170998631.
- Dalal, Roshen (2010). The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths. ISBN 9780143415176.
- Goswami, Madhab Chandra (1980). Eastern Himalayas: A Study on Anthropology and Tribalism. ISBN 9780896842625.
- Basu, Arabinda; Gupta, Biman Kumar Das; Sarkar, Jayanta (2004). "Anthropology for North-East India, a Reader: Indian Anthropological Congress Commemorative Volume".
- Singh, Moirangthem Kirti (1998). "Recent Researches in Oriental Indological Studies: Including Meiteilogy".
- "The Manipuri Lais".
- Vijaylakshmi Brara, N. (1998). Politics, Society, and Cosmology in India's North East. ISBN 978-0-19-564331-2.
- Dalal, Roshen (2010). The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths. ISBN 9780143415176.
- "Traditional Customs and Rituals of Northeast India: Arunachal Pradesh, meghalaya, Manipur, Assam". 2002.
- "Atiya Guru Sidaba in India".
Further reading
- Lightfoot, Louise (1958). Dance-rituals of Manipur, India: An Introduction to "Meitei Jagoi". Ministry of Scientific Research and Cultural Affairs. ISBN 978-1-01-374640-6.
- North East India History Association. Session (1995). Proceedings of North East India History Association. The Association.
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