Armstrong Siddeley Deerhound

The Deerhound I was a triple-row, 21-cylinder, air-cooled radial engine[2] design with the unusual feature of inline cylinder banks. Unlike earlier Armstrong Siddeley engines the Deerhound used overhead camshafts to operate its poppet valves, using one camshaft for each bank of three cylinders.[3]

Flight testing began in 1938 using an Armstrong Whitworth Whitley II, serial number K7243, during which cooling problems were encountered with the rear row of cylinders.[4] This problem was solved by a 'reversed-flow' cooling system, in which a large air duct at the rear of the cowling took in air and directed it forward to exit behind the propeller.[3] The project suffered a severe setback when the Whitley crashed on takeoff in March 1940, fatally injuring its crew.[4] The accident was attributed to an incorrect elevator trim setting and was not related to the engines.[3] A single prototype Deerhound III was built and ran, and survived until the late-1970s before being scrapped. Development work on the early engines was cancelled by the Air Ministry on 23 April 1941, but running of the Mk III was allowed to continue until 3 October 1941; at this point all records were ordered to be handed over to Rolls-Royce.

A projected increased capacity variant known as the Boarhound was planned but never built,[4] and a related much larger design, the Wolfhound, existed on paper only. The latter engine featured six banks of four cylinders, a displacement of around 61 litres (3,733 cu in) and a projected takeoff power rating of 2,600–2,800 horsepower (1,900–2,100 kW).[4]

The Hyena arrangement of cylinder banks arranged as a radial engine was continued with further designs, but with little commercial success. Only the Deerhound and Hyena were built.

Hyena

15 cylinders (5 banks of 3 cyl.)

Terrier

14 cylinders (7 banks of 2 cyl.)

Deerhound

21 cylinders (7 banks of 3 cyl.)

Wolfhound

28 cylinders (7 banks of 4 cyl.)

Boarhound

24 cylinders (6 banks of 4 cyl., same format as the later Junkers Jumo 222)

Mastiff

36 cylinders (9 banks of 4 cyl.)

Deerhound I

1,115 hp (831 kW): four built.

Deerhound II

1,500 hp (1,118 kW), capacity enlarged to 41 L (2,509 cu in) by increasing bore 5.31 in (135 mm) and stroke 5.51 in (140 mm): six built.

Deerhound III

1,800 hp (1,342 kW), major redesign by Stewart Tresilian: one engine built.

This engine's sole aircraft application was in a modified Armstrong Whitworth Whitley which was used as a testbed.

Data from Lumsden.[3]

Comparable engines

• Armstrong Siddeley Hyena
• BMW 803
• Dobrynin VD-4K
• Isotta Fraschini Zeta
• Junkers Jumo 222
• Lycoming R-7755
• Mathis Vega 42
• Wright R-2160 Tornado

Related lists

• List of aircraft engines