Archibald Alexander Gordon

Archibald Alexander Gordon was born in Bridge of Allan, Scotland on 3 September 1867, the second son of Dr William Eagleson Gordon and Emily Maryann Dick.[1][2] Gordon was the younger brother of William Eagleson Gordon VC, older brother of Robert Aaron Gordon (who unfortunately died in the spring of 1903), brother of two sisters: Emily Mckenzie and Helen Isabelle Gordon. He also had a (half) brother, George Freer (Jr), on his mother's side.

The family settled in Haymont house, Bridge of Allan until father Gordon built Homehill in Bridge of Allan. The famous Scottish surgeon, Sir James Young Simpson resided for a brief period here on the invitation of father Gordon. Dr William E. Gordon died unexpectedly in 1873 at 51. Following the death of her second husband, Gordon's mother moved the family (except for her oldest son, who stayed in England for his education) for a year stay in Switzerland. Here Gordon met with the famous Maj-Gen Charles George Gordon (alias 'Chinese Gordon'). Later on, the family moved back to Scotland, and Gordon was educated at Stanley House School, Bridge of Allan; Edinburgh Collegiate School; and the University of Edinburgh.[1] After his graduation he travelled around the world and met with the famous U.S. Army general, William Tecumseh Sherman. He visited Jamaica to find the old estate of his maternal grandfather, Archibald Dick, who after the abolition of the slave trade in 1834, returned to Scotland and died in poverty. While exploring the island, he met an old enslaved person who had worked at the plantation of Gordon's family and guided him to the estate of Windsor Castle. Major Gordon recounts this meeting with full emotion in his memoirs. Back in America, he boarded the S.S. City of Paris on 25 March 1890, became one of the survivors of the S.S. City of Paris disaster and returned to Scotland unharmed.

Grave of William Hyde Eagleson Gordon at Etaples Military Cemetery

In 1892 he married Lizzie Maude Smith (24 January 1872 – 13 July 1929), twin daughter of Major General Edmund Davidson-Smith (27 June 1832 – 8 September 1916), formerly Assistant Adjutant General of the Dublin district.[1] The couple had three children.[2]

• William Hyde Eagleson Gordon (23 August 1893 – 30 September 1915), twin of Archibald George Ramsay Gordon. He studied at Haileybury College and Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge and enlisted in the army with the Gordon Highlanders in 1914 as a Temporary-Lieutenant. He landed in France on 5 May 1915 and served as a lieutenant in the 8th Battalion, Gordon Highlanders.[3] On 27 September 1915, William became mortally wounded during the Battle of Loos and suffered from a head wound. He succumbed to his wounds on September 30, 1915, in Etaples Military Hospital at the age of 22. He is buried in the Etaples Military Cemetery in Pas-de-Calais, grave I.B.17. Lieutenant William Hyde E. Gordon is mentioned on the Sidney Sussex College – Ante Chapel Memorial and the Haileybury College memorial.
• Archibald George Ramsay Gordon (23 August 1893 – 26 December 1893), a twin with his elder brother.[2]
• Edmund Robert Adam Gordon (25 March 1896 – 5 October 1932) enlisted in the 7th Seaforth Highlanders as a temporary Lieutenant and arrived simultaneously with his brother in France. He survived the Battle of Loos but was later diagnosed with jaundice and neurasthenia. Major Gordon, who had planned to visit him on the front, learned his son was at the infirmary. He visited five field ambulances before he found out that his son had already been evacuated to a railhead and placed in a Red Cross train bound for England. Edmund recovered from his illness and later returned to the front. On 25 August 1917, Major Gordon was informed that Edmund was wounded and suffered from a leg wound and a severe hand wound. He was hospitalised in the General Hospital N°8 at Rouen and later taken to a hospital in Brighton, where Major Gordon visited him. Over time, Edmund's condition worsened, and he had to undergo several operations, resulting in the amputation of some of his fingers and a part of his hand. Edmund returned afterwards to the front and survived the war but struggled with severe health issues for the remainder of his life. In 1926 he married Vivienne Roberts in Kensington, and the couple had their firstborn, Peter. Peter Gordon tragically died in his infancy. Edmund's condition worsened, and he was now diagnosed with Tuberculosis. He died of this disease on 5 October 1932 and was buried next to his son at North Sheen Cemetery in Kew, London. He is mentioned on the Haileybury College memorial.

Major Gordon's godson was Denys Lowson, Mayor of London from 1950 to 1951. In June 1951 Lowson was made Baronet. He died on 10 September 1975

Two of Major Gordon's cousins were Colonel Ronald Eagleson Gordon MC of the Royal Engineers en Captain Colin Eccles Dick of the 2nd Royal Irish Fusilies who died in the Second Boer War during the Battle of Blood River Poort. Colin is commemorated on a memorial in Vryheid, South-Africa.

After the death of Archibald George Ramsay Gordon Major Gordon moved his family to his mother's home in Edinburgh. There his wife, who suffered a series of health problems after childbirth, could get specialised care. While looking for a job in Edinburgh, Major Gordon as offered the position of honorary secretary of the newly established Franco-Scottish Society. He accepted it. The Franco-Scottish Society aimed to foster contacts between the French and the Scots and to develop their traditional friendship enshrined – since at least 1295.[4] A year after its establishment in 1895, the French branch: Association Franco-Ecossaise got established in France. In the summer of 1897, the French branch planned its first visit to Edinburgh, where the Scottish branch made all preparations. The Marquess of Lothian (head of the Royal Company of Archers) en Lord Reay (Mayor of Edinburgh) permitted to use Banqueting Hall in Aldershot for the banquet. This turned it into a historical event as Banqueting Hall was last used during the coronation of Charles I in 1625. After the successful event, the members of the French branch presented Major Gordon with a piece of silver as a token of their gratitude. On August 4, 1898, Major Gordon was decorated with the "Chevelier de l’Ordre Nationale de la Légion d’Honneur" by the new elected French government of Félix Faure for his services in the Franco-Scottish Society. From the end of 1903 until the summer of 1904, Major Gordon took part in the organisation of the conference of the Institute of International Law upon the request of Lord Reay. Sir Donald Mackenzie Wallace, former director of the foreign department for The Times and Friedrich Fromhold Martens, Imperial Russian diplomat and lawyer, were allotted to stay with Major Gordon. In late autumn, Major Gordon guided the German Duke Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg and his wife Princess Elisabeth Sybille of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach through Scotland during their seven-day stay. The quiach that was presented to Major Gordon by the Duke is kept by the Major A. A. Gordon Society. In 1906 Major resigned from the Franco-Scottish Society to take up his position as private secretary of the 4th Duke of Wellington in Londen.

In 1896 Major Gordon became a member of the Scottish elite unit the Royal Company of Archers, the bodyguard for the British monarch during his or her stay in Scotland. The unit was commanded by Captain-General William Montagu-Douglas-Scott, 6th Duke of Buccleuch. The unit resides at Archers' Hall in Buccleuch street in Edinburgh. Behind the building lay the field of Hope Park, named after Sir Thomas Hope, creator of the archer's field. On February 25, 1899, three photographs of Major Gordon in his Royal Company of Archers uniform were published in Scottish Life. Major Gordon took part in the first state visit to Scotland by Edward VII and Queen Alexandra from May 11 to May 13, 1903.

Major A. A. Gordon in his 9th Royal Scots uniform

Major Gordon was one of the co-founders who, with James Ferguson and Andrew Gordon, established the 9th Volunteer Battalion Highlanders, Royal Scots (Lowland Division).He was commissioned a Captain on 6 August 1900 and became the first commanding officer of A-Company (the captain A. A. Gordon Cup was named in his honour). During theprocession of the coronation of Edward VII in 1902, he stood at the head of his battalion. He was promoted to major on 7 January 1905 and was appointed Brigade-Major in the same year. In May 1906 he was assigned to the Black Watch for a month after completing the Transport Course and the Course of Military Equitation at Aldershot. During his time with the regiment, he became good friends with Captain – later Lt. Colonel – James H. Clark, who was the commanding officer of B-Company and who later became the second commanding officer of the battalion when Lt. Colonel James Ferguson resigned his commission in 1904. Lt. Colonel Clark got killed in the First World War during the second battle of Yper on 10 May 1915 while commanding the 9th Argyll and Sutherland battalion. During his stay in the 9th Royal Scots, he had the pleasure to meet with General Sir Archibald Hunter DSO. The general got him involved in the establishment of the Queen Victoria School in Dunblane for which he received the Royal Victorian Order – 4th Class. Major Gordon resigned his commission with the 9th Royal Scots on 26 May 1906 to take up his duties as private secretary to Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington from 1906 onwards.[1]

Sir Donald Mackenzie Wallace, Major Gordon's guest during het conference for the Institute of National Law, received in autumn 1905 the task to find a private secretary for the 4th Duke of Wellington, Arthur Charles Wellesly. Sir Wallace contacted Major Gordon and asked him to agree that his name would go forward. Major Gordon was honoured and agreed. A few days later, he was invited to stay with the Duke and his family at the estate of Ewhurst Park, near Bastingstoke. After a short stay, Major Gordon received the job and was told to take up his position at Apsley House in London at the beginning of February 1906. At Apsley House, Major Gordon mainly took part in the social duties of the Duke and his wife, the Dutchess Kathleen Emily Bulkeley Williams. Major Gordon also curated the Duke's museum and the Waterloo Gallery. During his early days at Apsley House, the Duchess organised a Royal Ball in the gallery where Edward VII and Queen Alexandra were the guests of honour together with some thirty other British and foreign royal family members.

One day at Apsley House, Major Gordon heard that the Duchess was giving a tour through the house. Suddenly she opened his room's door and said: "And this is Mr Gordon's room."[5] Simultaneously the Prinses and princess entered the room. Major Gordon showed them the Wellington Dispatches and the Duchess asked him to guide the children to the strongroom to see the massive silver collection. Major Gordon took an oil lamp and descended to the basement. Beneath Apsley House lies London Underground and every train that drove by could be heard in the basement. Once the first train past, princess Mary suddenly grasped Major Gordon's hand for comfort.

When Edward VII died on May 6, 1910, many European monarchs and state officials came to London to attend the ceremony. Every house in London - including Apsley House - opened its door to the guests. The selection of each guest was made by lottery, and Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was allotted Apsley House. The Duke of Wellington and his wife left Apsley House for the Guards Club and left Major Gordon in charge of the household. After the Archduke's arrival, Major Gordon took him to his bedroom, which was packed with Madam Abel Chatenay roses. Franz Ferdinand, a great flower admirer - asked his servant Prince Karl Kinsky van Wchinitz to go and ask for the name of the rose. After being informed, the Archduke wrote a telegram for his wife, the Duchess of Hohenberg, Sophie Chotek, explaining he had seen the best-smelling and most beautiful rose. After the funeral procession of Edward VII, Franz Ferdinand left Apsley House quickly and halted Major Gordon in the entrance hall. Here he presented him with a golden cigarette case with the monogram of his uncle, the Emperor Franz Jozeph I of Austria and shook his hand. Major Gordon then turned to Prins van Wchinitz and asked him if the Archduke would be pleased to receive some plants of the roses he had admired. The prince returned quickly and said yes. Major Gordon asked his boss for the favour, and a dozen of plants were sent to the Archduke's main house in Austria. Later, Major Gordon received a letter from the Archduke in which he expressed his gratitude.

Major A. A. Gordon and his wife's grave in Logie Cemetery, Stirlingshire, Scotland

After the war, King Albert tasked Major Gordon to retrieve the 'Belgian treasury' back from England. These trips were challenging through its secrecy and the muddy landscapes of France and Belgium. However, Major Gordon succeeded in his task and was decorated with the Commander in the Order of the Crown afterwards. Later on he received a secret mission in Holland, near Breda. Here he encountered a dangerous situation at a Dutch checkpoint on his return but luckily came out unharmed.

Major Gordon's older brother William wrote to him, helping in a quest to find the grave or body of a young Gordon Highlanders officer who had been killed alongside William in the early stages of the war. The family had consistently asked William for more information. Major Gordon promised his cooperation and sent letters to parishes and monasteries to see if the body of a young officer was found near Le Cateau. A local priest wrote back that he had found the body of a young officer in 1914 and had laid him to rest in the catacomb of his church. The priest had safely kept the officer's personal belongings during the war as he knew these would be important to identify the victim. As soon as the family was informed of the discovery, they travelled to France and met with the local priest. The priest returned the personal belongings, but the family agreed that their relative would stay in the parish that had kept him safe for so long.

During the First Battle of Ypres, Major Gordon's boss, the 4th Duke of Wellington had lost his son, Captain Lord Richard Wellesley. After the war Major Gordon was tasked to find his grave and was lucky to find it. He travelled with his boss to Belgium to visit the grave and guided him through many imported battlefields.

The constant health issues of his wife resulted that Major Gordon reluctantly resigned as private to the Duke of Wellington. Major Gordon was informed by doctors that Maude's health would benefit from the fresh air of the countryside. Therefore, the couple moved to Stow-on-the-Wold but Maude's health worsened and doctors concluded that the high altitude of Stow-on-the-Wold was not ideaal for her. After a brief vacation in Major Gordon's hometown, Bridge of Allan, they found out that the climate was ideal for Maude's health. Major Gordon bought the home Jessamine and the couple lived happily for many years until Maude passed away on July 13, 1929. She was buried in Logie Cemetery, Stirlingshire, Scotland.

In 1920 Major Gordon received the message that King George V personally selected him to be part of the entourage for the Belgian state visit to England. During the festivities, Major Gordon was decorated by King Albert with the commander in the order of Leopold II. One of the festivities was an evening ball where the German ambassador, doctor Stahmer and his wife were present. Major Gordon was in the company of Sir Edward Wallington when he noticed that the German guests were left alone. Major Gordon suggested to Wallington to go over and talk to them. Later that evening, Major Gordon assisted the Duke of Connaught when he was having trouble with his boots. The Duke said he witnessed how he and Wallington had started a conversation with the German ambassador and his wife when they appeared lonely and said it was the right thing to do. Major Gordon replied that he was informed that the ambassador and his wife had lost their two children - all the family they had - in the war, and he felt sympathy for them because he had a similar feeling.

photograph given by King Albert to Major A. A. Gordon

Two years later, Major Gordon was asked by the Grand Marshal of the Belgian Court, on behalf of King Albert, if he could be in Brussels for the occasion of the return visit by the English monarchs on May 7, 1922. This was Major Gordon's last assignment for the Belgian royal family. After the festivities he guided Queen Mary and her entourage through Belgium while her husband went off to see the war cemeteries. Major Gordon gave a tour near Antwerp and explained the scenes of the Siege of Antwerp. Later that day the suite arrived at Malines where the Queen met with Cardinal Mercier.

When the wedding date between Princess Marie-José and the Italian crown prince Umberto was announced in British newspapers, Major Gordon came up with a very original present for the princess. When the princess visited the warship 'Marshall Soult' during the war, her favourite cuddly bear ", Fifi", fell into the water. Sailors fished it up, but Fifi was severely damaged. The princess was given her rabbit Marshal Soult on the ship, and she later gave Fifi to Major Gordon. Major Gordon had kept Fifi all this time, and he felt it was time to reunite him with her former owner. He sent Fifi to Puller's, who returned him as a new dog. Next, Major Gordon bought a Scottish brooch and placed it on a purple ribbon that he put on the bear. He sent the package to the Belgian ambassador in London, who brought it to the Laken. Major Gordon received the palace's warm letter of gratitude a few days later.

Major Gordon's youngest son Edmund, whose lungs were damaged during his illness in the war, was diagnosed with Tuberculosis. He died of this disease on 5 October 1932 in Chelsea. The loss of Edmund feld heavily on Major Gordon. On the day of Edmund's death he wrote the sad sentence in his diary: "And thus our family ends".

In 1936 Major Gordon travelled to Israel and overlooked the archaeological findings of the mosaics of the church of the Multiplying of the Loaves and Fishes. He edited the book "Church of the Multiplying of the Loaves and Fishes at Tabgha, Lake of Galilee, and its Mosaics" by Alfons M. Scheider in 1937.

After Edmund's death, Major Gordon joined the Hellenic Travellers Club to visit the 'Holy Land' (Jerusalem) for the first time. On his first cruise, Major Gordon visited many ancient European archaeological and holy sites. Soon he heard of the discovery of the mosaics of the Church of the Multiplying of the Loaves and Fishes at the Lake of Galilee. After visiting the site, Major Gordon became friendly with Father Tapper, who was struggling with the project's funding. Major Gordon assisted him, and once back in Scotland, he collected a sum of £400 for a roof for the mosaics. In 1936 Major Gordon returned to Father Tapper and the article "A Scotsman builds a chapel in Galilea" was published. The following year Major Gordon translated Alfons M. Scheider's book on mosaics into English. The book received the title: "Church of the Multiplying of the Loaves and Fishes at Tabgha, Lake of Galilee, and its Mosaics".

In 1939 Major Gordon returned with the Hellenic Travellers Club to the West Indies after fifty years. Cities such as Trinidad were unrecognisable, but when he arrived, a family member recognised him instantly and guided him through the island. While on the cruises of the Hellenic Travellers Club, Major Gordon made many new friends. Some of them pursued him to write and publish his memoirs. In 1939 he finally - although against his will - accepted, and the British writer Anna Masterton Buchan assisted him. The book was published in 1941 with the title: Culled from a Diary and contained a foreword of his good friend Lord Mottistone.

In the evening of 4 November 1940, a German enemy aeroplane threw several bombs on Piccadily Square. One of them hit the top floor of the In&Out Club where Major Gordon's brother William resided. The young servants rushed themselves out of the basement and freed the heavily wounded and pinned William together with Major A. Crozier. Major Crozier died not long after in hospital. William survived but his condition worsened until he succumbed to his wounds on March 10, 1941. He is buried at St. Alban's Churchyard in Hindhead. William's medals were donated by his daughter Valerie to the Gordon Highlanders museum in Aberdeen.

Major Gordon died peacefully on 12 August 1949 and found his quiet rest next to his wife in Logie Cemetery, Stirlingshire. The tombstone is close to the one of his father, mother and oldest sister. Major Gordon divided his belongings between his nephew, General Sir Cameron Gordon Graham Nicholson GCB, KBE, DSO & Bar, MC & Bar, the oldest son of his youngest sister, and his loyal cousin Colonel Ronald Eagleson Gordon MC. Ronald made sure that the lore of Major Gordon's family was passed down to his son Cyril Vivian Eagleson Gordon MC & Bar, who passed it down to his sons. Cameron Nicholson's brother Brigadier Reginald Arran Graham Nicholson gave some of his family's history to the Imperial War Museum in London.

"Culled from a diary" – Boyd & Oliver – 1941

In 1941 Major Gordon published his memoirs, Culled from a Diary (1867–1939), published by Oliver and Boyd, with a foreword by his old friend Lord Mottistone.

Major Gordon explained in his preface that he wrote this book from brief diaries that he made at the time and not from memory. He also states that he penned these diary gleanings against his wishes and solely through pressure by certain prominent people, who urged him to leave a record of his events, because they would be of interest some day. He thanks the famous Miss Anna Buchan, who published under the pseudonym O. Douglas, for her contribution to the book. He also give thanks to Lord Mottistone who he served with in the Siege of Antwerp and who wrote the foreword of the book. Finally he also thanked Dom Ernest Graf, O.S.B. of Buckfast Abbey, Devon for his advice and encouragement, without which he might never have ventured in the field of authorship.

The book consists of 17 chapters and counts 206 pages.

The following table shows the honours awarded to Gordon:

	Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)	(British) 24 August 1917[7]
	Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO)	(British) 4th class, 1908[2]
	Knight of Grace of the Venerable Order of Saint John (KStJ)	(Esquire 20 September 1898)[8] (Knight of Grace 19 December 1900)[9]
	Officer of the Order of Leopold with Palm	(Belgium)[10]
	Commander of the Order of the Crown	(Belgium) 13 June 1919[11]
	Commander of the Order of Leopold II	(Belgium)[2]
	Officer of the Legion of Honour	(France) 16 January 1920[12]
	Officer of the Instruction Publique (Golden Palms)	(France)[2]
	member of the Order of Saint Anna	2nd Class (Imperial Russia)
	Commander of the Order of the Crown of Italy	29 November 1918[13]
	Knight of the Order of Saint Jago	(Portugal)[2]
	Knight of the Order of Isabella the Catholic	(Spain)[2]
	1914 star and bar	(British Campaign medal)
	British War Medal 1914-20	(British Campaign medal)
	Victory Medal 1914-18	(British Campaign medal)
	Coronation medal of King Edward VII	(British) 1902
	Coronation medal of King George V	(British) 1911
	Jubilee medal of King George V	(British) 1935
	Coronation medal of King George VI	(British) 1937
	Croix de guerre (Palms)	(Belgium) 31 July 1917[14]
	King Albert Medal	(Belgium) 18 August 1920[15]
	Queen Elisabeth Medal with Red Cross	(Belgium) 1918 – Major Gordon took part in the design of the medal
	Civic Cross First Class (Swords and Bar)	(Belgium)[2]
	Croix de Guerre (Palms)	(France)[16]
	Medal of French Gratitude 'Silver'	(France) 3 December 1920[17]

He was cited in Belgian and French Army Orders of the Day.[1]

In August 2019, the Major A. A. Gordon Society[18] was established in Belgium. The society is the world's prominent international non-profit society that preserves the historical legacy of Major A. A. Gordon and his family. As an Anglo-Belgian society she maintains many national and international connections. The Society's website contains many details over Major Gordon and his family as well as the pictures of important artifacts in the King's Messenger Collection. One of these pieces is the dedicated portrait of King Albert I of Belgium to Major Gordon from 1921.

• Record of the 9th [Volunteer] Battalion (Highlanders) The Royal Scots or The Raising of a Volunteer Regiment and its Conversion into a Full-Strength Battalion of the Territorial Force – James Fergusson – 1909
• Illustrated News London – 1915 – volume 56
• Kelly's Handbook to the Titled, Landed & Official Classes, volume 47 – 1921
• Mémorial du centenaire de l'ordre de Léopold 1832-1932
• Church of the Multiplying of the Loaves and Fishes at Tabgha, Lake of Galilee, and its Mosaics – Edited by A. A. Gordon – 1937
• Culled from a Diary – A. A. Gordon – Oliver & Boyd – 1941
• News from Belgium – 1942
• Eugène Ysaÿe et la musique de chambre by Michel Stockhem
• Women's Writing on the First World War (1999)
• The Dandy Ninth, a History of the 9th (Highlanders) Royal Scots by Neill Gilhooley – November 2019

• Major Archibald Alexander Gordon Society
• https://neillgilhooley.com/9th-royal-scots/biographies/