Arap

The Arap or Arab (Somali: Arab, Arabic: أرب, Full Name: Muḥammad ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad bin al-Ḥusayn al-Hāshimīy ) clan is a major clan of the wider Isaaq clan family.[1] The Arap predominantly live on the middle and southwest side of Hargeisa and in the Baligubadle district Hawd region) of Somaliland, with its capital Baligubadle being an exclusively Arap territory.[2] The territory of the clan extends to Ethiopia, in the area of Faafan, gursum, dhagahle.[3] The Abdalle Arap, a sub-clan of the Arap clan is based in the Togdheer, Sool Hargeisa and Sahil Muuse celi arab living also Bakool South West State of Somalia They also live Fafan Zone Gursum, Somali Shabelay regions.[4][5]

Not to be confused with Arabs.
Arap
Arab
أرب

Regions with significant populations
Languages
Somali, Arabic
Related ethnic groups
Garhajis, Ayub, Habr Awal, Habr Je'lo and other Isaaq groups

History
Map of Somaliland showing distribution Arap Tribe in the central and south central Somaliland

Lineage

Sheikh Ishaaq ibn Ahmed was one of the Arab travellers who according to legend crossed the sea from Arabia to the Horn of Africa to spread Islam around 12th to 13th century. He is said to have been descended from the prophet Muhammad's daughter Fatimah. Hence the sheikh is purported to have belonged to the ashrāf or sāda, titles given to the descendants of the prophet. He is said to have married two local women from the Dir clan in Somaliland that left him eight sons, one of them being Muhammad (Arap). The purported descendants of those eight sons constitute the Isaaq clan-family.[6]

Role in the SNM
Sultan Farah of the Arap and Garaad Abdiqani of the Dhulbahante in Baligubadle during the Somaliland peace process

Baligubadle, which straddles the border between Ethiopia and Somaliland, was the headquarters of the Somali National Movement (SNM) during the Somaliland War of Independence from the regime of general Siad Barre.[7]

The Araps were heavily involved in the SNM and led the first military offensive of the SNM near Baligubadle where a small force attacked a fuel tanker supplying the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party regime's base in the town. This operation was organised by local commanders without prior planning utilizing a local force of clansmen based at the organisation's Lanqeyrta base in Hawd.[8]

Hassan Isse Jama was also one of original founders of the SNM in London.[9] He was also the first vice president of Somaliland and served as the deputy chairman of the SNM.[9] Furthermore in 1983, Sultan Mohamed Sultan Farah of the Arap clan was the first sultan to leave Somalia to Ethiopia and openly cooperate with the SNM.[10]

The Araps were the first clan to disarm their military unit (the 10th division under Guutada Sheekh Sancaani) and hand over their weapons after the liberation of Somaliland. Sultan Mohamed Sultan Farah agreed to lead the process of demobilization. This put pressure on other clans to follow suit, and, in early 1994, a well-staged ceremony was held in the Hargeysa football stadium to hand over weapons, playing an instrumental role in the Somaliland peace process.[11][12]

Arap Clan tree

The Arap clan is divided into the following sub-clans:[13]

  • Sheikh Ishaaq Bin Ahmed (Sheikh Ishaaq)
    • Muhammad (Arap)
      • 'Sh Osman Arap
      • Abdallah Arap
        • Abokor Abdallah
        • Fatumo Abdallah
      • CeliArap
        • Musa Eli (This section lives near the vicinity of Harar with the Barsuug of arab)
      • Cismaan Muuse
      • Hokase Muuse
        • Cisaan Muuse
        • Da.uud Cismaan (ligse)
        • Xasan Cismaan
        • Adan Cismaan
        • ilmader Cismaan
  • Zubayr Eli
    • Xaamud Subeer
      • reer xaamud
      • Axmed Subeer
        • Bahabar Axmed
        • Ismail Subeer
          • cigale ismail
              • Maxamuud cigale
              • Guuleed cigale
              • Abokor cigale
              • Muuse cigale
              • Xuseen cigale
              • Muuse Cigale
                • Higis Muuse
                • Xujeey Muuse
                  • Higis muuse
                    • Samakaab Higis
                    • Nageeye Higis
                • Samakaab Higis
                  • Cabdi samakaab
                  • cali samakaab
                  • Tukaale samakaab
                  • Warfa samakaab
                  • Faarax samakaab
                  • Qayre samakaab
                  • Rooble samakaab
                            • Nageeye Higis
                              • Adan Nageeye
                              • dhagjar Nageeye
  • Mohammad Eli
  • Axmed Maxamed
    • Abokor Axamed
      • Hashim Abokor
        • 'Umar Hashim
        • Hussein Hashin
          • Musa 'Umar
          • Saleban 'Umar
          • Isma'il Saleban (Reer Isma'il)
          • Ali Saleban (Reer Ali Ade)
          • 'Abdallah 'Umar
            • Adan 'Abdallah (Warabe)
            • 'Ali 'Abdallah (Rer 'Ali)
            • Ahmad 'Abdallah
    • Musa Abokor
      • Mahamoud Musa (Afyare)
      • 'Abdallah Musa
      • Mohammed Musa (Fanax)
      • Yusuf Musa
    • Abdallah Abokor
      • Gulane 'Abdallah
        • Muuse. Guulane
          • Adan. Muuse
            • Siciid Adan
              • Reer xirsi Siciid
      • Samane 'Abdallah
        • Hussein Samane
        • Yusuf Samane
        • Mahamoud Samane

Notable Arap people

References
  1. Kirk, J. W. C. (2010-10-31). A Grammar of the Somali Language: With Examples in Prose and Verse, and an Account of the Yibir and Midgan Dialects. Cambridge University Press. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-108-01326-0.
  2. Renders, Marleen. (2012). Consider Somaliland : state-building with traditional leaders and institutions. Leiden: BRILL. pp. xxi. ISBN 978-90-04-22254-0. OCLC 775301944.
  3. Glawion, Tim (2016). Somaliland's Search for Internal Recognition, SFB700 (C10 project) Research Brief 5. Hamburg: German Institute of Global and Area Studies.
  4. Somaliland: The Strains of Success. International Crisis Group. 2015.
  5. Ghani, Mohamed Hassan; Abdi, Suad Ibrahim; Duale, Ali Ege; Hersi, Mohamed Farah (2010-11-30). "Democracy in Somaliland: Challenges and Opportunities" (PDF). Academy of Peace and Development. p. 76. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-11-26. Retrieved 2020-07-10.
  6. I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42
  7. Musa, Ahmed; De Giuli, Akusua; Yusuf, Ayan; Ibrahim, Mustafa (2015). Baligubadle District Conflict and Security Assessment (PDF). Hargeisa: The Observatory of Conflict and Violence Prevention.
  8. Prunier, Gérard (2021). The Country that Does Not Exist: A History of Somaliland. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-78738-203-9.
  9. Woldemariam, Michael, 1982- (15 February 2018). Insurgent fragmentation in the Horn of Africa : rebellion and its discontents. Cambridge, United Kingdom. ISBN 978-1-108-42325-0. OCLC 1000445166.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. Höhne, Markus V. (2006). "Working Paper No. 82 - Traditional Authorities in Northern Somalia: transformation of positions and powers" (PDF). Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers. Halle / Saale: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology. ISSN 1615-4568.
  11. Balthasar, Dominik (May 2013). "Somaliland's best kept secret: shrewd politics and war projects as means of state-making". Journal of Eastern African Studies. 7 (2): 218–238. doi:10.1080/17531055.2013.777217. ISSN 1753-1055. S2CID 143973420.
  12. Connaughton, Stacey L.; Berns, Jessica (2019). Locally led peacebuilding : global case studies. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-5381-1411-7. OCLC 1099545093.
  13. Abbink, G.J. (2009). "The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (second edition)". ASC Working Papers (84): 32. hdl:1887/14007.
  14. Kristof, Nicholas D., 1959- (2009). Half the sky : turning oppression into opportunity for women worldwide. WuDunn, Sheryl, 1959- (1st ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-307-26714-6. OCLC 290466888.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. Roble, Faisal (2015). "Remembering Said S. Samatar". Northeast African Studies. 15 (2): 141–148. doi:10.14321/nortafristud.15.2.0141. ISSN 0740-9133. JSTOR 10.14321/nortafristud.15.2.0141. S2CID 146172236.
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