Aplidium albicans

Aplidium albicans is a toxic sea squirt native to the Mediterranean Sea.

Aplidium albicans
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata
Class: Ascidiacea
Order: Aplousobranchia
Family: Polyclinidae
Genus: Aplidium
Species:
A. albicans
Binomial name
Aplidium albicans
Synonyms[1]
  • Amaroucium albicans Milne Edwards, 1841

Range

Native to the Mediterranean Sea.[2][3][4][5] Population density is sparse in its native range.[5]

Toxins

A. albicans contains aplidine (aplidin, plitidepsin),[6][2][7][8] found by Steiner et al 2015 and Borjan et al 2015[7] to be a cytotoxin (due to its apoptotic[4][5][9] effect) and antiangiogenic.[2][7][5] The toxin is structurally and functionally almost identical to toxins produced by the genus Tistrella of marine bacteria.[8]

Aquaculture

Aquaculture of A. albicans has not been economically feasible as of 2008.[5]

References
  1. "Aplidium albicans". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  2. Mayer, Alejandro M.S.; Glaser, Keith B.; Cuevas, Carmen; Jacobs, Robert S.; Kem, William; Little, R. Daniel; McIntosh, J. Michael; Newman, David J.; Potts, Barbara C.; Shuster, Dale E. (2010). "The odyssey of marine pharmaceuticals: a current pipeline perspective". Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. Cell Press. 31 (6): 255–265. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2010.02.005. ISSN 0165-6147. PMID 20363514.
  3. "Aplidium albicans". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  4. Bruno, B; Giaccone, L; Rotta, M; Anderson, K; Boccadoro, M (2005-08-11). "Novel targeted drugs for the treatment of multiple myeloma: from bench to bedside". Leukemia. Nature Portfolio. 19 (10): 1729–1738. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2403905. PMID 16094421. S2CID 27618516.
  5. Molinski, Tadeusz F.; Dalisay, Doralyn S.; Lievens, Sarah L.; Saludes, Jonel P. (2008-12-19). "Drug development from marine natural products". Nature Reviews. Nature. 8 (1): 69–85. doi:10.1038/nrd2487. ISSN 1474-1776. PMID 19096380. S2CID 3333631.
  6. Ptak, Carolyn; Petronis, Arturas (2008-02-01). "Epigenetics and Complex Disease: From Etiology to New Therapeutics". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Annual Reviews. 48 (1): 257–276. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094731. ISSN 0362-1642.
  7. Pircher, Andreas; Steiner, Normann; Gunsilius, Eberhard (2019). 12 Cytotoxics and Anti-angiogenics. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Reference. pp. 327–347. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33673-2_12.
  8. McCauley, Erin P.; Piña, Ivett C.; Thompson, Alyssa D.; Bashir, Kashif; Weinberg, Miriam; Kurz, Shannon L.; Crews, Phillip (2020-06-08). "Highlights of marine natural products having parallel scaffolds found from marine-derived bacteria, sponges, and tunicates". The Journal of Antibiotics. Japan Antibiotics Research Association (Nature). 73 (8): 504–525. doi:10.1038/s41429-020-0330-5. ISSN 0021-8820. PMC 7276339. PMID 32507851.
  9. Aniszewski, Tadeusz (2015). Alkaloids: Chemistry, Biology, Ecology, and Applications. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. 365. ISBN 978-0-444-59433-4. OCLC 908192049.


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