Anthocharis gruneri

Grüner's orange tip
	Museum specimens
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Pieridae
Genus:	Anthocharis
Species:	A. gruneri
Binomial name
	Anthocharis gruneri; (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)

Anthocharis gruneri (Grüner's orange tip) is a butterfly found mainly in Turkey, Transcaucasian Mountains, Asia Minor and the Armenian highlands.

Description in Seitz

"A. gruneri H.-Sch. from Greece, Southern Turkey, and Asia Minor, is smaller than cardamines,but otherwise similar: the black apical markings broader in the male, the ground-colour of the upperside strongly yellowish. — armeniaca Christ. from Asia Minor and Mesopotamia, is more whitish above, and the orange-red apical patch proximally dark-edged. ab. homogena is an intermediate form. — Near Angora flies diluta form, nov. [Röber], which is distinguished by the less developed greenish markings of the underside of the hindwing, and in the female, besides, by the dark apex of the forewing being almost completely without markings. — In Syria, where this insect does not appear to be plentiful, there occurs a special form : small , upperside pure white , orange patch reduced , reaching only to the black median spot and having no dark proximal edge; underside of hindwing with much extended white markings ; we [Röber] propose for this form the name eros" .[1]

Subspecies

Anthocharis gruneri gruneri Greece, Asia Minor, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Transcaucasia
Anthocharis gruneri armeniaca Christoph, 1893 Armenia highlands
Anthocharis gruneri macedonica (Buresch, 1921) Macedonia
Anthocharis gruneri parnassi (Bernardi, 1970)
Anthocharis gruneri fereiduni (Carbonell et Back, 2009) Southwest Iran
Anthocharis gruneri eros (Röber, 1907) Syria
Anthocharis gruneri zamanii Naderi et Back, 2019 Southeast Iran

Gallery

Anthocharis in Seitz

Habitat

In Armenia A. gruneri inhabits semi-deserts, juniper woodlands, and arid mountain steppes at elevations from 400 to about 2000 m a.s.l.[2]

References

Julius Röber, 1909 Pieridae, pp. 39-74, 374, pls. 17-27. In: Seitz, A. (ed.), Die Groß-Schmetterlinge der Erde. 1. Band. Die palaearctischen Tagfalter. – Stuttgart, Fritz Lehmann.
Butterfly Conservation Armenia. "State of Anthocharis gruneri in Armenia". Butterfly Conservation Armenia. TSE NGO. Retrieved 18 February 2018.

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[1] Julius Röber, 1909 Pieridae, pp. 39-74, 374, pls. 17-27. In: Seitz, A. (ed.), Die Groß-Schmetterlinge der Erde. 1. Band. Die palaearctischen Tagfalter. – Stuttgart, Fritz Lehmann.

[BCA-2] Butterfly Conservation Armenia. "State of Anthocharis gruneri in Armenia". Butterfly Conservation Armenia. TSE NGO. Retrieved 18 February 2018.