Anna Karolina Orzelska

The King-Elector August II the Strong met Henriette Rénard in Warsaw in 1706, where her father André Rénard, a wine merchant from Lyon, had a salon.[2] Most historians agree that at first, Henriette didn't know the true identity of her lover. As a result of the liaison, in November 1707 a daughter was born, Anna Karolina. August did not learn of her existence until a year and half later. Henriette married the Paris businessman François Drian shortly after Anna Karolina's birth and moved to France, where she grew up.

Anna Orzelska by Louis de Silvestre, 1724.

Anna Orzelska in the gardens of the Blue Palace at Warsaw, by Antoine Pesne, ca. 1728.

For a long time, the girl lived in Paris with her mother in complete obscurity without the support of her father. However, in 1723, her half-brother, the later Count Frederick Augustus Rutowsky, found her.[2] Anna Karolina followed him on his return to the Dresden court, where the sixteen-year-old beauty was presented to the King. On 19 September 1724, August the Strong officially acknowledged Anna Karolina as his daughter and gave her the title of Countess Orzelska (Polish: Hrabina Orzelska, German: Gräfin Orzelska).[2]

The first time that she appears in a document was on 21 November 1726 during the Diet of Grodno, at which the King personally signed the donation of the Blue Palace to her, which became Anna Karolina's official residence.[3]

Anna Karolina became one of Augustus's most beloved children, not only because of her exceptional beauty, but also because of her improbable and extraordinary resemblance to her father. Without formal intellectual training, she nevertheless proved to be an excellent addition in the court life.

The court of August the Strong had the worst reputation in Europe and encouraged the Countess's behavior, which was considered scandalous according to the official moral of the time. Contemporaries noted her tendency to drink, smoke tobacco, and have numerous affairs. Anna excelled in riding, hunting, and dancing. The Countess frequently appeared in men's clothing and even in military uniform. Some sources alleged that August the Strong made his own daughter his favorite; however, this cannot be proved.

Anna Orzelska in riding habit by Louis de Silvestre, 1730.

In 1728, while King Frederick Wilhelm I of Prussia was visiting Dresden, the Countess Orzelska met his son, the sixteen-year-old Crown Prince Frederick (the future Frederick II the Great). Some have claimed that she became the first (and, probably, the only) mistress of Frederick's life - claims based more on the wishful thinking of his sister Wilhelmine who didn't like her brother's homosexual liaisons with young pages.[4] The Crown Prince dedicated verses and musical works of his own composition to her. However, when Augustus and the Countess, who was now pregnant, paid a return visit to the Prussian court, Frederick was frustrated and turned to unspecified other forms of dissipation.[5] Some have even suggested that Orzelska, during her alleged liaison with Frederick, attempted to gather intelligence on him and Prussia.[1]

In 1730, the Countess obtained from her father 300,000 thalers as a dowry and married with Prince Charles Louis of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck - younger brother of the reigning Duke Frederick Wilhelm II- in the city of Dresden, on 10 August of that year. They had one son, Karl Frederick (b. Dresden, 5 January 1732 - d. Strassburg, 21 February 1772), future General Major of the Saxon Army. Her husband would become Duke after their divorce.

However, after three years of unhappy marriage (1733), Orzelska requested a divorce;[1] from this moment, the couple began to live separately: Karl Ludwig in Königsberg and Anna Karolina in Venice, where she had a scandalous lifestyle.[2]

She died in the French city of Grenoble aged 61, and was buried in the Church of Saint-Louis, in the Chapel of Saint-Jean-Baptiste.[6]

• Saxon Garden
• Elżbieta Sieniawska
• Sexuality of Frederick the Great