Amritsar district

Amritsar district is one of the twenty three districts that make up the Indian state of Punjab. Located in the Majha region of Punjab, the city of Amritsar is the headquarters of this district.

This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Amritsar.

Amritsar district
District of Punjab
Clockwise from top-left: Harmandir Sahib, Attari-Wagah Border Crossing, Ajnala Fort, 1971 War memorial at Pul Kanjri
Location in Punjab
Location in Punjab
Coordinates: 31°35′N 74°59′E
Country India
StatePunjab
Named forSuffice of Amrit
HeadquartersAmritsar
Government
 • Commissioner of PoliceArun Pal Singh[1]
Area
 • Total2,683 km2 (1,036 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[2]
 • Total2,490,656
 • Density930/km2 (2,400/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialPunjabi
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Vehicle registrationPB-01(commercial) PB-02, PB-14, PB-17, PB-18, PB-81, PB-89
Literacy (7+)76.27%
Websiteamritsar.nic.in

As of 2011, it is the second most populous district of Punjab (out of 23), after Ludhiana.

History

Sur Empire (1540 - 1554)

Sher Shah Suri, an Afghan monarch, defeated Kamran in 1540 and conquered Punjab, including Amritsar, which remained part of the Sur Empire until 1554.[3]

1800s

The control of Amritsar was fully taken by Maharaja Ranjit Singh by 1802, after bringing all the Misls under his control. He also fortified Gobindgarh fort along modern lines.[4]

British Rule

During British Rule Amritsar District was part of Lahore Division and was administratively subdivided into 3 tehsils namely - Amritsar, Ajnala and Tarn Taran.[5] However, as part of the partition of India in 1947, Amritsar district was separated from the rest of the division and awarded to India. Some areas like Patti & Khem Karan falling in the Lahore District became part of Amritsar District at partition. During the partition period, the Muslim population of the district, some 46%, left for Pakistan while Hindus and Sikhs from West Punjab in newly created Pakistan migrated in the opposite direction. The Sikhs and Hindus (37% and 15.38%) were a majority in the Amritsar district jointly constituting about 52% of the total population before the partition of 1947.

Climate

Amritsar has a semiarid climate, typical of Northwestern India and experiences four seasons primarily: winter season (December to March, when temperatures can drop to −1 °C (30 °F), summer season (April to June) where temperatures can reach 45 °C (113 °F), monsoon season (July to September) and post-monsoon season (October to November). Annual rainfall is about 703.4 millimetres (27.7 in).[6] The lowest recorded temperature is −3.6 °C (25.5 °F), was recorded on 9 December 1996 and the highest temperature, 47.8 °C (118.0 °F), was recorded on 9 June 1995.[7] The official weather station for the city is the civil aerodrome at Rajasansi. Weather records here date back to 15 November 1947.

Climate data for Amritsar Airport
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 26.8
(80.2)		 32.2
(90.0)		 36.2
(97.2)		 44.1
(111.4)		 47.7
(117.9)		 47.8
(118.0)		 45.6
(114.1)		 40.7
(105.3)		 40.6
(105.1)		 38.3
(100.9)		 34.2
(93.6)		 28.5
(83.3)		 47.8
(118.0)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 23
(73)		 26.1
(79.0)		 32
(90)		 40.5
(104.9)		 44
(111)		 44.1
(111.4)		 39.8
(103.6)		 37.1
(98.8)		 36.8
(98.2)		 35.5
(95.9)		 30.5
(86.9)		 24.9
(76.8)		 45.2
(113.4)
Average high °C (°F) 18.4
(65.1)		 21.7
(71.1)		 26.8
(80.2)		 34.2
(93.6)		 39
(102)		 39
(102)		 35
(95)		 34.2
(93.6)		 34.1
(93.4)		 32
(90)		 27.1
(80.8)		 21.1
(70.0)		 30.2
(86.4)
Average low °C (°F) 3.4
(38.1)		 6.3
(43.3)		 10.9
(51.6)		 16.1
(61.0)		 21.3
(70.3)		 24.3
(75.7)		 25.3
(77.5)		 24.9
(76.8)		 22.1
(71.8)		 15.4
(59.7)		 8.7
(47.7)		 4.1
(39.4)		 15.2
(59.4)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −0.5
(31.1)		 1.7
(35.1)		 5.6
(42.1)		 10.2
(50.4)		 15.8
(60.4)		 19.6
(67.3)		 21.7
(71.1)		 21.4
(70.5)		 17.8
(64.0)		 10.7
(51.3)		 4.2
(39.6)		 0.1
(32.2)		 −1.2
(29.8)
Record low °C (°F) −2.9
(26.8)		 −2.6
(27.3)		 2
(36)		 6.4
(43.5)		 9.6
(49.3)		 15.6
(60.1)		 18.2
(64.8)		 18.8
(65.8)		 13
(55)		 7.3
(45.1)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 −3.6
(25.5)		 −3.6
(25.5)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 26.2
(1.03)		 38.6
(1.52)		 38.4
(1.51)		 21.4
(0.84)		 26.7
(1.05)		 61.2
(2.41)		 210.1
(8.27)		 167.3
(6.59)		 77.5
(3.05)		 16.1
(0.63)		 6.3
(0.25)		 13.6
(0.54)		 703.4
(27.69)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 2.1 3.3 3.2 2 2.4 3.8 8.6 6.9 3.5 1.1 0.6 1.4 38.9
Average relative humidity (%) 74 70 64 47 38 48 72 77 69 67 73 76 65
Mean monthly sunshine hours 181.7 192.7 219.4 265.0 294.7 269.0 215.5 227.7 240.8 253.2 220.1 182.2 2,762
Source: [8][9]

Demographics
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901764,821—    
1911657,936−1.49%
1921694,261+0.54%
1931834,497+1.86%
19411,044,457+2.27%
1951880,667−1.69%
19611,010,093+1.38%
19711,209,374+1.82%
19811,460,497+1.90%
19911,698,090+1.52%
20012,157,020+2.42%
20112,490,656+1.45%
source:[10]

According to the 2011 census Amritsar district has a population of 2,490,656,[2] roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait[11] or the US state of Nevada.[12] The number of literates in Amritsar district is 1,684,770 (67.6%), with 932,981 (70.8%) male literates and 751,789 (64.1%) female literates. The effective 7+ literacy of the district is 76.27%. The sex ratio of 889 females for every 1,000 males.[2] The total Scheduled Caste population is 770,864 (30.95%) of the population. There were 488,898 households in the district in 2011.[2]

Gender

The table below shows the sex ratio of Amritsar district in various census years.[13]

Decadal sex ratio of Amritsar district by census years[13]
Year

(Census)

 Sex Ratio
2011889
2001871
1991873
1981871
1971856
1961854
1951841
1941841
1931803
1921796
1911781
1901829

Religion
Religion in Amritsar district (2011)[14]
Religion Percent
Sikhism
 
 68.94%
Hinduism
 
 27.74%
Christianity
 
 2.18%
Islam
 
 0.50%
Other or not stated
 
 0.64%

According to the 2011 census, Sikhs make up about 69% of the population while Hindus 28%, with a small minority of Christians (2%) and Muslims. Sikhs predominate in rural areas (over 90%), while Hindus and Sikhs are in nearly-equal numbers in urban areas. Christianity is growing rapidly especially among Dalits, while Islam, once the major religion in the district, is now insignificant.[14]

Religion in Amritsar District[lower-alpha 1]
Religion Population (1941)[15]: 42  Percentage (1941) Population (2011)[14] Percentage (2011)
Islam 657,695 46.52% 12,502 0.5%
Sikhism 510,845 36.13% 1,716,935 68.94%
Hinduism [lower-alpha 2] 217,431 15.38% 690,939 27.74%
Christianity 25,330 1.79% 54,344 2.18%
Others [lower-alpha 3] 2,575 0.18% 15,936 0.64%
Total Population 1,413,876 100% 2,490,656 100%

The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Amritsar district.[16]

Absolute numbers of different religious groups in Amritsar district[16]
ReligionUrban (2011)Rural (2011)Urban (2001)Rural (2001)Urban (1991)Rural (1991)
Sikh6,63,14510,53,7906,28,20717,55,3683,14,94713,40,258
Hindu6,32,94457,9955,70,32777,9573,96,21595,937
Christian19,39634,94817,03834,9106,75229,175
Muslim7,4515,0513,6903,4819401,303
Other religions11,6754,2614,0131,0862,775188

Language

Languages of Amritsar district (First Language) (2011)[17]

  Punjabi (99.1%)
  Hindi (0.8%)
  Others (0.1%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 99.1% of the population spoke Punjabi and 0.8% Hindi as their first language. Hindi-speakers almost all live in urban areas.[17]

District administration
  • The Deputy Commissioner, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service is in charge of general administration of the district. He is generally a middle-level IAS officer of Punjab Cadre. As the District Magistrate, he also effectively the head of the police force. The Deputy Commissioner of Amritsar is Harpreet Singh Sudan appointed in 2022.[18]
  • Administration of departments such as public works, health, education, agriculture, animal husbandry, etc. is headed by district officers who belong to various Punjab state services.
  • The Commissioner of Police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service is responsible for maintaining law and order in the district. He is assisted by officers of the Punjab Police Service and other Punjab Police officials.
  • The Divisional Forest Officer, an officer belonging to the Indian Forest Service is responsible for the management of forests and wildlife in the district. He is assisted by officers of the Punjab Forest Service, other Punjab Forest officials, and Punjab Wildlife officials.
  • A Municipal corporation is responsible for the management of public works and health systems in the city of Amritsar. The municipal corporation is a democratic body of councillors and is presided over by the Mayor, who is elected by the councillors. At present, there are more than 70 councillors.

Amritsar District Borders the Pakistani Punjab Districts of Lahore, Kasur, Shiekhupura along the Ravi River Tarn Taran District to the South along Sutlej River, Kapurthala District along the Beas River and Gurdaspur District to the North.

Tehsils in Amritsar district

There are four tehsils in Amritsar district as per 2011 census.

# Tehsil District
1 Amritsar- II Amritsar
2 Ajnala Amritsar
3 Baba Bakala Amritsar
4 Amritsar -I Amritsar

5 majitha 6 lopoke at chogawan

Politics
Constituency
number		 Constituency
name		 Reserved for
(SC/None)		 Electors
(2017)[19]		 District[20]
15 Amritsar North None 175,908 Amritsar
16 Amritsar West SC 179,766 Amritsar
17 Amritsar Central None 135,954 Amritsar
18 Amritsar East None 153,629 Amritsar
19 Amritsar South None 148,809 Amritsar
20 Attari SC 173,543 Amritsar

MLA
No. Constituency Name of MLA Party Bench
11 Ajnala Kuldip Singh Dhaliwal Aam Aadmi Party Government
12 Rajasansi Sukhbinder Singh Sarkaria Indian National Congress Opposition
13 Majitha Ganieve Kaur Majithia Shiromani Akali Dal Opposition
14 Jandiala (SC) Harbhajan Singh E.T.O. Aam Aadmi Party Government
15 Amritsar North Kunwar Vijay Pratap Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government
16 Amritsar West (SC) Jasbir Singh Sandhu Aam Aadmi Party Government
17 Amritsar Central Ajay Gupta Aam Aadmi Party Government
18 Amritsar East Jeevan Jyot Kaur Aam Aadmi Party Government
19 Amritsar South Inderbir Singh Nijjar Aam Aadmi Party Government
20 Attari (SC) Jaswinder Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government
25 Baba Bakala (SC) Dalbir Singh Tong Aam Aadmi Party Government

List of DC
# Name Portrait Assumed office Left office
1 L. Saunders 20 April 1849 31 December 1852
2 J. Dennison 1 January 1853 31 July 1853
3 T.H. Copper 1 August 1853 24 April 1860
4 A.J. Farrington 25 April 1860 31 May 1866
5 G. Lewin 1 June 1866 13 June 1867
6 T.W. Smyth 14 June 1867 24 July 1867
7 G. Lewin 25 July 1867 14 August 1867
8 D.G. Barkley 15 August 1867 3 October 1867
9 G. Lewin 24 October 1867 8 December 1867
10 Major H.B. Urmston 9 December 1867 31 July 1868
11 L. Griffin 1 August 1868 13 January 1869
12 D. Fitzpatrick 14 January 1869 14 March 1869
13 W. Coldstream 15 March 1869 15 March 1869
14 F.M. Birch 16 March 1869 31 July 1869
15 J.W. Gardiner 1 August 1869 1 September 1870
16 F.M. Birch 2 September 1870 31 July 1871
17 C.H. Hall 1 August 1871 16 January 1872
18 C.H. Marshall 17 January 1872 12 April 1872
19 C.H. Hall 13 April 1872 27 May 1872
20 J.A. Montgomery 28 May 1872 29 May 1872
21 J.W. Smyth 30 May 1872 10 September 1872
22 C.H. Hall 11 September 1872 2 March 1873
23 W. Coldstream 30 March 1873 21 October 1873
24 C.H. Hall 22 October 1873 16 April 1874
25 T.W. Smyth 17 April 1874 30 August 1874
26 C. Mcheile 31 August 1874 30 September 1874
27 T.W. Smyth 1 October 1874 1 November 1874
28 C.H. Hall 2 November 1874 7 June 1876
29 C.R. Hawkins 8 June 1876 20 October 1876
30 C.H. Hall 21 October 1876 13 March 1877
31 J.D. Tremlett 14 March 1877 17 July 1877
32 W.P. Woodward 18 July 1877 19 July 1877
33 J.W. Gardner 20 July 1877 2 January 1878
34 W. Young 3 January 1878 31 January 1878
35 J.W. Gardiner 1 February 1878 1 September 1878
36 C.R. Hawkins 2 September 1878 14 November 1878
37 J.D. Tremlett 15 November 1878 2 February 1879
38 C.R. Hawkings 3 February 1879 1 August 1881
39 R. Clarke 2 August 1881 3 January 1882
40 J.W. Gardiner 4 January 1882 1 March 1882
41 G.R. Hawkins 2 March 1882 21 March 1883
42 G. Knox 22 March 1883 9 June 1884
43 C.F. Massy 10 June 1884 1 October 1884
44 C.R. Hawkins 2 October 1884 11 November 1884
45 R. Udny 12 November 1884 13 January 1885
46 R.M. Lang 14 January 1885 4 September 1886
47 J. Ronnie 5 September 1886 4 October 1886
48 R.M. Lang 5 October 1886 2 September 1888
49 J.A. Grant 3 September 1888 17 October 1888
50 R.M. Lang 18 October 1888 15 September 1889
51 J.A. Grant 16 September 1889 18 October 1890
52 R.M. Lang 19-10- 1889 2 September 1890
53 F.P. Joung 1 April 1891 14 October 1892
54 C.F. Massy 15 October 1892 6 March 1893
55 J.A. Grant 7 March 1893 7 March 1893
56 A. Harrison 8 March 1893 2 April 1893
57 R.M. Lang 0304-1893 25 March 1895
58 E.R. Abbott, Esqurie 27 March 1895 5 April 1895
59 A. Kensington, Esouire 5 April 1895 4 March 1896
60 Captain C.M. Dallas 4 April 1896 9 December 1896
61 Captain Burlton 09-10 1896 26 December 1896
62 Captain C.M. Dallas 26 December 1896 16 July 1897
63 Captain H.Fox Strangways 16 July 1897 17 July 1897
64 A.E. Martineau, Esquire 17 July 1897 20 November 1897
65 Captain C.M. Dallas 20 November 1897 31 March 1898
66 W. Chevis, Esquire 31-03- 1898 25 August 1898
67 M.L. Waring, Esquire 25-08- 1898 25 October 1898
68 W. Chevis, Esquire 25 October 1898 30 July 1899
69 A. Calvert, Esquire 30-07- 1899 3 August 1899
70 L. French, Esquire 3 August 1899 23 September 1899
71 W. Chevis, Esquire 23-09- 1899 5 November 1899
72 A.M. Stow, Esquire 5 November 1899 14 July 1900
73 A. Langley, Esquire 14 April 1900 14 May 1990
74 A.M. Stow, Esquire 14 May 1900 13 June 1900
75 W.Le. Malan, Esquire 13 June 1900 14 November 1900
76 J.F. Connqlly, Esquire 14 November 1900 20 April 1902
77 E.D. Maclagan, Esquire 20 April 1902 6 August 1902
78 B.H. Bird, Esquire 6 August 1902 18 October 1902
79 E.D. Maclagan, Esquire 18 October 1902 29 June 1903
80 H.A. Sama, Esquire 30 June 1903 15 October 1903
81 E.D. Maclagan, Esquire 16 October 1903 20 April 1904
82 H.A. Sama, Esquire 21 April 1904 18-12- 1904
83 O.M. King, Esquire 20 December 1904 21 July 1905
84 H.S. Williamson, Esquire 22 July 1905 1 September 1905
85 O.M. King, Esquire 2 September 1905 28 March 1906
86 H.A. Casson, Esquire 29 March 1906 27 March 1907
87 B.H. Bird, Esquire 28 March 1907 18 April 1907
88 Miles Irvingh, Esquire 19 April 1907 3 March 1908
89 H.A. Casson, Esquire 3 March 1908 13 April 1909
90 O.F. Lumsden, Esquire 14 April 1909 27 July 1911
91 R.B. Whitehead, Esquire 28 July 1911 22 October 1911
92 O.F. Lumsden, Esquire 23 October 1911 12 October 1911
93 Lt.Col. C.D. Egerton, I.A. 13 October 1911 18 February 1912
94 P.L. Barker, Esquire 19 February 1912 26 April 1912
95 H.D. Cralk, Esquire 27 April 1912 18 May 1912
96 J. Addison, Esquire 19 May 1912 3 October 1912
97 Lt. Col. C.R. Egerton 4 October 1912 1913
98 C.M. King 1913 1916
99 Miles Irving 24 February 1919 5 August 1919
100 Henry Duffield Craik 2 February 1921 26 May 1921
101 J..M. Dunnett 27 May 1921 14 November 1923
102 F.H. Puckle 15 November 1923 20 April 1928
103 R.H. Crump 17 April 1928 1929
104 W.G. Bradford 1929 14 June 1930
105 R.H. Crump 14 June 1930 1 December 1930
106 A.V. Askinth 1 December 1930 1 September 1931
107 G.M. Jenkins 1 September 1931 4 November 1931
108 J.D. Penny 4 November 1931 2 January 1932
109 A. Macfar Quhar 28 February 1933 18 July 1934
110 Rai Sahib Izzet Rai 18 July 1934 31 August 1934
111 A. Macfar Quhar 31 January 1934 1 July 1936
112 I.E. Jones 1 July 1936 2 September 1936
113 A.A. Macdonald 2 September 1936 28 November 1938
114 I.E. Jones 28 November 1938 2 October 1939
115 A.A. Macdonald 2 October 1939 22 August 1941
116 Sh. Sundar Das 22 August 1941 25 September 1941
117 E.D. Moon 25 September 1941 9 July 1943
118 Sh. Rosham Lal 9 July 1943 16 July 1943
119 L.D. Addisin 16 July 1943 22 April 1946
120 J.D. Frazer 22 April 1946 22 May 1947
121 Mr. G.M. Brander.I.G.S. 24 May 1947 22 August 1947
122 Sh. Nukul Sen.I.C.S. 23 August 1947 6 October 1947
123 Sh. Devinder Singh P.C.S. 7 October 1947 10 October 1947
124 Sh. B.S. Narinder Singh I.A.S. 11 October 1947 11 July 1952
125 Sh. N.N. Kashyap I.C.S. 12 July 1952 14 October 1953
126 Sh. R.N. Chopra I.C.S. 15 October 1953 22 September 1954
127 Sh. S.K. Shhibber I.A.S. 23 September 1954 27 May 1956
128 Sh. H.B. Lal I.A.S. 28 May 1956 2 December 1957
129 Sh. A.N. Kashyap I.A.S. 3 December 1957 8 June 1958
130 Sh. Balwant Singh I.A.S. 9 June 1958 31 May 1960
131 Sh. H.S. Ach Reja I.A.S. 1 June 1960 8 May 1961
132 Sh. Sunder Singh P.C.S. 9 May 1961 18 November 1962
133 Sh. P.N. Bhalla I.A.S. 19 November 1962 16 May 1964
134 Sh. Lall Singh Aujla P.S.S. 17 May 1964 30 June 1964
135 Sh. Iqbal Singh I.A.S. 1 July 1964 8 July 1965
136 Sh. S.S. Bedi I.A.S. 9 July 1965 15 December 1966
137 Sh. Kulwant Singh I.A.S. 16 December 1966 9 May 1969
138 Sh. K.S.Bains I.A.S. 10 May 1969 26 August 1971
139 Sh. Sukhbir Singh I.A.S. 27 August 1971 15 October 1975
140 Sh. J.D.Khanna I.A.S. 16 October 1975 21 April 1977
141 Sh. K.S. Janjua I.A.S. 22 April 1977 16 April 1978
142 Sh. Jai Singh Gill I.A.S. 16 April 1978 24 April 1980
143 Sh. Bikramjit Singh I.A.S. 25 April 1980 27 August 1980
144 Sh. S.M.S. Chahal I.A.S. 28 August 1980 27 August 1981
145 Sh. Sardar Singh I.A.S. 27 August 1981 15 July 1983
146 Sh. Gurdev Singh I.A.S. 16 July 1983 3 June 1984
147 Sh. Ramesh Inder Singh Mandher I.A.S. 4 June 1984 6 July 1987
148 Sh. Sarabjit Singh I.A.S. 7 July 1987 10 May 1992
149 Sh. Karanbir Singh Sidhu I.A.S. 11 May 1992 11 August 1996
150 Sh. A.S. Chhatwal I.A.S. 12 August 1996 29 August 1996
151 Sh. Amarjit Singh I.A.S. 30 August 1996 13 July 1998
152 Sh. Narinderjit Singh I.A.S. 13 July 1998 10 January 2002
153 Sh. Swinder Singh Puri I.A.S. 10 January 2002 7 November 2002
154 Sh. Iqbal Singh Sidhu I.A.S. 7 November 2002 20 May 2003
155 Sh. Raminder Singh I.A.S. 20 May 2003 23 December 2004
156 Sh. Kirandeep Singh Bhullar I.A.S 23 December 2004 19 March 2007
157 Sh. Kahan Singh Pannu I.A.S 19 March 2007 18 May 2008
158 Sh. Tejveer Singh I.A.S 18 May 2008 29 May 2008
159 Sh. Kahan Singh Pannu I.A.S 2 June 2008 10 September 2008
160 Sh. Khushi Ram I.A.S 13 September 2008 1 October 2008
161 Sh. Kahan Singh Pannu I.A.S 2 October 2008 10 February 2009
162 Sh. Bhagwant Singh, I.A.S 10 February 2009 25 May 2009
163 Sh. Kahan Singh Pannu I.A.S 25 May 2009 16 June 2011
164 Sh. Rajat Agarwal I.A.S 16 June 2011 2 July 2012
165 Sh. Priyank Bharti I.A.S 2 July 2012 27 August 2012
166 Sh. Rajat Agarwal I.A.S 27 August 2012 14 September 2013
167 Sh. Ravi Bhagat I.A.S 19 September 2013 31 May 2015
168 Sh. Pardeep Kumar Sabharwal I.A.S 1 June 2015 17 July 2015
169 Sh. Ravi Bhagat I.A.S 20 July 2015 1 February 2016
170 Sh. Varun Roojam I.A.S 2 February 2016 9 November 2016
171 Sh. Basant Garg I.A.S 14 November 2016 17 March 2017
172 Sh. Kamaldeep Singh Sangha I.A.S 17 March 2017 18 February 2019
173 Sh. Shivdular Singh Dhillon I.A.S 18 February 2019 31 July 2020
174 Sh. Gurpreet Singh Khaira, IAS 31 July 2020 5 April 2022
175 Sh. Harpreet Singh Sudan, IAS 5 April 2022

[21]

Notable people

References
  1. "Arun Pal Singh is new Amritsar City Police Commissioner". Tribune. 9 April 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  2. "Census of India: Amritsar district". censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  3. J.C, Aggarwal. S. Chand's (Question and Answers) Medieval History of India. S. Chand Publishing. ISBN 978-81-219-1890-9.
  4. "History - District Amritsar, Government of Punjab, India". amritsar.nic.in. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
  5. "Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 5, page 319 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library".
  6. "Amritsar Climate Normals 1981-2010" (PDF). Indian Meteorological Department, Pune. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  7. "Amritsar Climate Normals 1981-2010" (PDF). Indian Meteorological Department, Pune. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  8. "Amritsar Climate Normals 1981-2010" (PDF). Indian Meteorological Department, Pune. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  9. "Amritsar Climate Normals 1971–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  10. Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  11. US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Kuwait 2,595,62
  12. "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Nevada 2,700,551
  13. "Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India". data.gov.in. 21 January 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  14. "Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Punjab". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  15. "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB PROVINCE". Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  16. "Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India - All Religions". data.gov.in. 21 January 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  17. "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Punjab". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  18. "Sh. Harpreet Singh Sudan, IAS | District Amritsar, Government of Punjab | India". amritsar.nic.in. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  19. "Electors and Polling Stations - VS 2017" (PDF). Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  20. "List of Parliamentary Constituencies and Assembly Constituencies in the State of Punjab as determined by the delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituency notification dated 19th June, 2006". ceopunjab.nic.in. 19 June 2006. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  21. "List of Deputy Commissioners - District Amritsar, Government of Punjab, India". amritsar.nic.in. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
  1. Historic district borders may not be an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. This discrepancy can be seen in the district population history table which has taken into account the various bifurcations since 1941.
  2. 1941 census: Including Ad-Dharmis
  3. Including Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, or not stated
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