American China Policy Association
The American China Policy Association (ACPA) was an anti-communist organization that supported the government of Republic of China, now commonly referred to as Taiwan, under Chiang Kai-shek.[1][2]
| Formation | 1946 January 1950 |
|---|---|
| Founder | J. B. Powell, Helen Loomis |
| Founded at | New York City |
| Headquarters | New York City |
| Location |
|
Chairman
President | Alfred Kohlberg |
President | J. B. Powell, Clare Booth Luce, William Loeb III |
Vice President | Helen Loomis |
| Alfred Kohlberg, Freda Utley, Irene Corbally Kuhn, Max Eastman, Walter H. Judd, William R. Johnson, Isaac Don Levine, David Prescott Barrows, William Henry Chamberlin, George Creel, Roscoe Pound | |
Key people | Alfred Kohlberg |
| Affiliations | Plain Talk magazine, American Jewish League Against Communism |
Origins
On July 17, 1946,[2] J. B. Powell, correspondent, and Helen Loomis, missionary teacher, founded the American China Policy Association (ACPA). Alfred Kohlberg, a leader in the China Lobby joined as chairman[3] shortly thereafter to promote American interests by promoting the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang as a counter to Soviet and Chinese Communist support.[1] (Another source says that Kohlberg established ACPA.[2])
Activities
In 1947, co-founder J. B. Powell died, succeeded by Clare Booth Luce (wife of Henry R. Luce) as president for one year, then by newspaper publisher William Loeb III.[1]
In 1949, when the Chinese Communist Party seized full control of mainland China and established the People's Republic of China, the ACPA accused the United States Department of State of "losing China." ACPA supported its allegations with copious literature: letters, pamphlets, brochures, press releases, and book reviews. Kohlberg's name went on most of those publications.[1]
ACPA obtained two US Army intelligence reports, which it reproduced via "photolithography" and made available to the press; these documents showed numerous errors and omissions by the State Department.[2]
Directly and through ACPA, Kohlberg criticized US President Harry S. Truman and US Secretary of State George C. Marshall.[2]
During the Korean War, ACPA advocacy "effectively changed" America's orientation with regard to Communist China.[1]
Members
ACPA's board of directors included:
- Alfred Kohlberg (also member of AJLAC, Plain Talk)[1][4]
- Isaac Don Levine (also member of AJLAC, Plain Talk)[1]
- Clare Booth Luce[1][4]
- William Loeb III[1]
- Freda Utley[1]
- Irene Corbally Kuhn[1][4]
- Max Eastman[1]
- Walter H. Judd[1]
- Geraldine Fitch[1]
- William R. Johnson[1]
- Margaret Proctor Smith[1]
- David Prescott Barrows[1]
- William Henry Chamberlin[1]
- George Creel[1]
- Roscoe Pound[1]
Another person associated with ACPA was Edna Lonigan.[2]
See also
References
- Waskey, Jack (2010). "American China Policy Association". In Song, Yuwu (ed.). Encyclopedia of Chinese-American Relations. McFarland. p. 21. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- Keeley, Joseph C. (1969). "The China lobby Man: The Story of Alfred Kohlberg". Arlington House Publishers. pp. ix (neighbors), xxv (ACPA 1946.07.17, Plain Talk 1946.10), xvi (1951.06.25), 1 (Mandel), 3 (Lattimore, Jessup), 54-71 (ABMAC), 77-93 (IPR), 154 (photolithography), 166-208 (IPR), 192 (Lonigan), 233 (establishment), 233-234 (ACPA vs. IPR), 235 (Clare Booth Luce), 253-253 (SISS testimony), 257 (Mason), 313 (offices), 314 (dozen years). Retrieved 14 June 2020.
- "Register of the Alfred Kohlberg papers". OAC CDLIB. 1998. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- State Department Employee Loyalty Investigation. US GPO. 1950. p. 775. Retrieved 12 June 2020.