Alternate Prime Minister of Israel

The alternate prime minister of Israel (Hebrew: ראש הממשלה החליפי, romanized: Rosh ha-memshela ha-ḥalifi)[note 1] is the de facto deputy of the prime minister of Israel and the second highest ranking cabinet minister, who is designated to replace the prime minister of Israel in a rotation government. The position was created de jure to resolve the 2019–2022 Israeli political crisis, alongside the formal rotation mechanism of the alternation government. It existed de facto in the 1984–88 rotation government, which was established on the basis of a non-binding rotation agreement.[3] According to the Basic Law: The Government, the government swearing-in includes a target date for the prime minister and alternate prime minister to switch their posts.[1] Government ministers report either to the prime minister or the alternate prime minister, with the prime minister being unable to dismiss cabinet ministers reporting to the alternate prime minister without the alternate prime minister's consent.[4]

Alternate Prime Minister of Israel
רֹאשׁ הַמֶּמְשָׁלָה הַחֲלִיפִי‎
Emblem of Israel
Incumbent
Vacant
since 8 November 2022
StatusDe facto second in the Government of Israel
NominatorKnesset
AppointerPresident
Inaugural holderBenny Gantz
Formation17 May 2020 (2020-05-17)
Succession1st

The most recent alternate prime minister was Naftali Bennett, who served from 1 July to 8 November 2022.

List of alternate prime ministers

De facto
No. Portrait Minister Party Government Term start Term end Notes
–Yitzhak ShamirLikud
Herut		2113 September 198420 October 1986Shamir was prime minister-designate in a rotation government with Shimon Peres. The rotation deal was not binding as no legally-entrenched rotation mechanism existed at the time, and the de jure post held by Shamir was that of an ordinary designated acting prime minister.
–Shimon PeresAlignment
Labor Party		2220 October 198622 December 1988Shamir became prime minister on 20 October 1986, with Peres as his alternate, in accordance with the 1984 rotation deal. The rotation deal was not legally binding as no legally-entrenched rotation mechanism existed at the time, and the de jure post held by Peres was that of an ordinary designated acting prime minister.

De jure
No. Portrait Minister Party Government Term start Term end Notes
1Benny GantzBlue and White
Resilience Party		3517 May 202013 June 2021Gantz was prime minister-designate in an alternation government with Benjamin Netanyahu, and he would have come into office on 17 November 2021. In December 2020, the coalition collapsed, and was replaced by a new government on 13 June 2021.
2Yair LapidYesh Atid3613 June 202130 June 2022Lapid was prime minister-designate in an alternation government with Naftali Bennett. According to the law, the switch was supposed to have taken place on 27 August 2023, which would have been the half-term of the 36th government. The law also stipulated that if the sitting prime minister were to dissolve the Knesset prior to the date of the switch, the switch would take place immediately upon the dissolution. Since Bennett dissolved the Knesset on 30 June 2022, Lapid took over as Prime Minister on the following day.
3Naftali BennettYamina
New Right		1 July 20228 November 2022Bennett became Alternate Prime Minister after the early dissolution of the Knesset in June 2022, switching places with Yair Lapid. He resigned on 8 November 2022.

See also

Notes
  1. While the Basic Law passed on 7 May 2020 used the phrasing "חלופי",[1] the Academy of the Hebrew Language published on 11 May an article explaining that the proper Hebrew phrasing is "חליפי"[2]

References
  1. Basic Law: The Government (in Hebrew). Retrieved 10 June 2020
  2. "חלופי, חליפי, חילופי". Academy of the Hebrew Language (in Hebrew). 11 May 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  3. Eglash, Ruth (17 May 2020). "After three elections and political deadlock, Israel finally swears in new government". The Washington Post. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  4. Shapira, Assaf (4 May 2020). "The Rotation Agreement — One State, Two Governments". The Israel Democracy Institute. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
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