Anwar Shah Kashmiri

Anwar Shah Kashmiri (known with honorifics as Sayyid Muḥammad Anwar Shāh ibn Mu‘aẓẓam Shāh al-Kashmīrī; 16 November 1875 – 28 May 1933) was a Kashmiri Muslim scholar and jurist who served as the first principal of Madrasa Aminia and the fourth principal of the Darul Uloom Deoband. He was a student of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi and participated in the Indian freedom struggle through the Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind. His students include Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi, Yousuf Banuri and Zayn al-Abidin Sajjad Meerthi.

Muḥammad Anwar Shāh
Imam al-Asr, Khatam al-Muhaddithin, 'Allamah
4th Principal of Darul Uloom Deoband
In office
1915–1927
Preceded byMahmud Hasan Deobandi
Succeeded byHussain Ahmad Madani
Personal
Born(1875-11-16)16 November 1875
Died28 May 1933(1933-05-28) (aged 57)
Deoband, British India
ReligionIslam
ChildrenAzhar Shah Qaiser, Anzar Shah Kashmiri
Main interest(s)Hadith
Notable work(s)Fayd al-Bari ala Sahih al-Bukhari, Anwar al-Bari sharh Sahih al-Bukhari, Al-Arf al-Shadhi sharh Sunan al-Tirmidhi
Alma materDarul Uloom Deoband
Muslim leader
Students

Early life and education

Anwar Shah Kashmiri was born in Kashmir on 27 [Shawwal] 1292 AH (16 November 1875) in a Sayyid family. Aged four, he started reading the Quran under the instruction of his father, Muazzam Ali Shah.[2] In 1889, he relocated to Deoband, where he studied at the Darul Uloom for three years. In 1892, he moved to Darul Uloom Deoband where he studied with Mahmud Hasan Deobandi and others. Then, in 1896 (1314 AH), he went to Rashid Ahmad Gangohi and obtained a teaching certificate in Hadith (which he had been studying for two years) and esoteric knowledge.[2]

Career

After graduating from Darul Uloom, he taught in Madrasa Aminia, Delhi, serving as its first principal. In 1903 he went to Kashmir, where he established Faiz-e A'am Madrasah.[2] In 1905 (1323 AH) he performed Hajj. Four years later, he returned to Deoband. Until 1933, he taught books of Hadith without taking a salary. He held the guardianship of Darul Uloom for nearly twelve years. He resigned in 1927 (1346 AH) and went to the Madrasah of Dabhel in western India, where, until 1932 (1351), he taught Hadith. He left his family in 1887 and moved into the Madrasah in India.[3]

He taught at the Madrasah Fay'm for three years before embarking on his Hajj to Mecca and Medina.[3] He visited his Deoband instructor Mahmood Hasan, who persuaded him to take a position teaching in Deoband. When Mahmood Hasan himself subsequently relocated to Medina in 1908, Shah began teaching Hadith.[4] He retained the position until 1927, when he departed after a disagreement with management.[3]

Kashmiri moved to Jamia Islamia Talimuddin along with Azizur Rahman Usmani in 1927 where he taught Hadith until 1932.[2]

Death and legacy
Further information: Bibliography of Anwar Shah Kashmiri

In 1933, Shah became ill and traveled to Deoband for medical care. He continued addressing students there until he died on 28 May 1933. He was survived by his elder son Azhar Shah Qaiser and younger son Anzar Shah Kashmiri.[3] Muhammad Iqbal arranged a condolence ceremony, at which he described Kashmiri as the greatest Islamic scholar of the last five hundred years.[5]

Gateway to Mazar-e-Anwari Cemetery where Shah is buried

Anwar Shah Kashmiri is regarded by many as one of the most versatile and prolific hadith scholars produced by the subcontinent.[6] In recognition of his contributions in the field of hadith literature and revival of various Islamic sciences, Islamic scholar Sayyid Rashid Rida said, "I have never seen a more distinguished scholar of hadith than Allamah Kashmiri".[6]

Jamia Imam Muhammad Anwar Shah, Deoband is an Islamic school named after Kashmiri. Yunoos Osman wrote his D.Phil thesis Life and Works of Allamah Muhammad Anwar Shah Kashmiri at the University of Durban-Westville.[7]

A book about Kashmiri entitled The Pride OF Kashmir was released in December 2015. During the release of the book, Engineer Rashid, then MLA of Langate renamed Student of the year award of Kupwara to "Moulana Anwar Shah Kashmiri Award for excellence".[8]

Literary works

Kashmiri also wrote poetry and often put his scholarly writings in that form. Some of his articles and manuscripts remain unpublished.[3]

His works include:[9][10]

  • Mushkilat al-Quran
  • Fayz al-Barii ala Sahih al-Bukhari
  • Anwar al-Baari (Urdu commentary of Sahih Bukhari, compiled by Kashmiri's son-in-law Ahmad Rida Bijnori)
  • al-ʿUrf al Shadhi Sharh Sunan Al-Tirmidhi

Students

Kashmiri's students include Manazir Ahsan Gilani, Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi, Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi, Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi, Zayn al-Abidin Sajjad Meerthi, Muhammad Miyan Deobandi, Manzur Nu'mani, and Muhammad Shafi Deobandi.[11][12]

See also

References
  1. Ullah, Ahmad; Qadir, Ridwanul (February 2018). "কুতুবুল আলম হাকীমুন নফস, খলীফায়ে থানভী আল্লামা শাহ আবদুল ওয়াহহাব রহ. (১৮৯৪—১৯৮২) - এর সংক্ষিপ্ত জীবনচরিত". মাশায়েখে চাটগাম. Vol. 2 (1 ed.). 11/1, Islami Tower, Bangla Bazar, Dhaka-1100: Ahmad Prakashan. pp. 35–54. ISBN 978-984-92106-4-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  2. Rizwi, Syed Mehboob. Tarikh Darul Uloom Deoband [History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband]. Vol. 2. Translated by Murtaz Husain F Quraishi (1981 ed.). Darul Uloom Deoband: Idara Ehtemam. pp. 49–51, 52–55.
  3. Aaliya Chishti (2007). Rafiabadi, Hamid Naseem (ed.). Challenges to religions and Islam: a study of Muslim movements, personalities, issues and trends. Sarup & Sons, New Delhi. pp. 924–943. ISBN 978-81-7625-732-9. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  4. Noor, Ahmad-Noor A.; Yoginder Sikand; Martin van Bruinessen (1 January 2008). The Madrasa in Asia: Political Activism and Transnational Linkages. Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 978-90-5356-710-4.
  5. "Bringing the Legend to Light". 16 December 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  6. Ahmad Meraj, Dr. Meraj (2019). "Contribution of Anwar Shah Kashmiri to the Hadith Literature in India" (PDF). Insight Islamicus. 19: 1, 11.
  7. "Life and Works of Allamah Muhammad Anwar Shah Kashmiri" (PDF). ResearchSpace.ukzn.ac.za. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  8. "Book 'Pride Of Kashmir' on Moulana Anwar Shah Kashmiri released". Greater Kashmir. 2 December 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  9. Asir Adrawi. Dabistan-e-Deoband ki Ilmi khidmat (in Urdu) (October 2013 ed.). Deoband: Darul Moallifeen. pp. 33, 56, 64.
  10. Bano, Abida (2008). "Contribution of Kashmiri scholars towards quaranic sciences: a research study". Aligarh Muslim University (in Urdu): 148–153.
  11. Muhammad Taqi Usmani. "Imam al-Asr Hadhrat Allama Sayyid Anwar Shah Saheb Kashmiri". Akabir-e-Deoband Kya Thy [The Great Scholars of the Deoband Islamic Seminary] (in Urdu) (May 1995 ed.). Zamzam Book Depot, Deoband. pp. 41–54.
  12. Naseem Akhtar Shah Qaiser. Do Gohar Aabdaar (September 2016 ed.). Jamia Imam Muhammad Anwar Shah. p. 32.
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