Alice Buckton

Alice Mary Buckton (1867-1944) was an English educator, poet, community playwright, feminist and mystic.

Alice Mary Buckton
Born9 March 1867
Died1944

In 1899 Buckton established a Froebelian educational institution, Sesame House, in London. Her mystery play Eager Heart, first performed in 1903, was the first of several pageant plays written or stage-managed by Buckton. A Bahá'í convert, she recited an ode to open the 1911 First Universal Races Congress. After buying the Chalice Well in Glastonbury, she established it as a hostel in Glastonbury, helping to establish Glastonbury as a site of pilgrimage.[1]

Early life

Alice Buckton was born in Haslemere, Surrey on 9 March 1867. She was the eldest of seven daughters of the entomologist George Bowdler Buckton,[2] and his wife Mary Ann Odling.[3] She came to know Alfred Tennyson, who lived nearby, and years later still wore a cloak given her by Tennyson.[2]

Settlement and educational activity

As a young woman Alice Buckton was involved with the Women's University Settlement which grew out of the work of Octavia Hill.[4][5] She then became interested in the educational ideas of Friedrich Fröbel,[1] and traveled to Germany to visit the Pestalozzi-Fröbel House. She managed to persuade the Principal there, Annet Schepel, to come to England and help set up a similar institution in London, the Sesame Garden and House for Home Life Training in St John's Wood.[4] In an 1898 lecture Buckton outlined a plan for this new institution.[6] Buckton emphasised the importance of motherhood in the thought of Pestalozzi and Fröbel, and declared the kindergarten to be part of the "woman's movement".[7] Sesame House opened in 1899, with Patrick Geddes on the committee.[2] One woman trained at Sesame House was Lileen Hardy, who went on to open the free kindergarten St. Saviour's Child Garden in Edinburgh.[8] By 1902 the school at Sesame House had sixty-five students.[9] Buckton and Schepel became lifelong partners, living together until Schepel's death in Glastonbury in 1931.[4]

Poetry and pageant plays

In 1901 Buckton published her first poetry collection, Through Human Eyes. Verse from the collection was later set to music by Gustav Holst as The heart worships.[10]

Buckton's mystery play Eager Heart was first performed in Lincoln's Inn Hall in 1903.[11] The play was an immediate success. Three decades later there had been hundreds of performances and over 41,000 published copies of the play sold.[12]

Bahá'í conversion
Buckton (standing second from right) as a delegate to the first Universal Races Congress, 1911

In 1907 Buckton became drawn into the Baháʼí Faith.

Buckton attended the First Universal Races Congress in London in 1911,[13] opening proceedings with an 'Ode of Salutation' from Europe, alongside T. Ramakrishna Pillai speaking for the East and W. E. B. DuBois speaking for Africa.[14]

Glastonbury

In 1912 Buckton bought the Chalice Well in Glastonbury.[15] She and Schepel opened a hostel there which drew pilgrims from around the world, and Buckton continued to live in Glastonbury for the rest of her life.

In August 1913 Buckton stage-managed Caroline Cannon's Pageant of Gwent at the National Eisteddfod of Wales.[16] The following year she supported an Arthurian festival at Glastonbury, centered around the performance of a music drama by Reginald Buckley, 'The Birth of Arthur'.[17] She herself wrote and produced The Coming of Bride, first performed in Glastonbury on 6 August 1914.[16] The Coming of the Dawn was written to be produced at Christmas 1918 by the YWCA.[18]

In 1919 Buckton spoke at a Leisure of the People Conference in Manchester, describing the way in which everyday people in Glastonbury threw themselves into performance of pageant plays. As a result, the University Settlement organized a May festival in Ancoats, for which Buckton wrote an allegorical play around the figures of Labour, Beauty and Joy.[19]

In 1925 she wrote a series of six radio sketches based on the Arthurian legends, performed by the Cardiff Station Radio Players with music by Warwick Braithwaite.[20]

In 1938 she received a civil list pension "in recognition of her services to literature and of the services rendered by her father".[21]

Works
  • 'Sesame Child Garden and House for Home Training', Child Life, Vol. 1, No. 1 (1899), pp. 32–36
  • Through human eyes: poems. Oxford: Daniel Press, 1901. With an introductory poem by Robert Bridges.
  • Eager heart: a Christmas mystery-play. London: Methuen, 1904.
  • The burden of Engela: a ballad-epic. London: Methuen, 1904.
  • The pastor of Wydon fell : a ballad of the North Country. London: E. Mathews, 1905.
  • Kings in Babylon: a drama, London: Methuen, 1906.
  • Garden of many waters, a masque. London: Mathews, 1907.
  • Songs of joy. London: Methuen, 1908.
  • 'Order of Service for Saint Bride's Day Gathering', The Forerunner, No. 4 (July 1909)
  • Ode to the First Universal Races Congress, Star of the West, Vol. 2, No. 9 (20 August 1911)
  • A catechism of life. London: Methuen, 1912.
  • The coming of Bride: a pageant play. Glastonbury: Elliot Stock, 1914.
  • The meeting in the gate. A Christman interlude. London: E. Stock, 1916.
  • Daybreak, and other poems. London: Methuen, 1918.
  • The dawn of day: a pageant. London: Blue Triangle, 1919.

References
  1. Stephanie Mathivet (2006). "Alice Buckton (1867–1944): The Legacy of a Froebelian in the Landscape of Glastonbury". Journal of the History of Education Society. 35 (2): 263–281. doi:10.1080/00467600500528628. ISSN 0046-760X. OCLC 425087093. S2CID 145129082.
  2. Lil Osborn (2014). "Alice Buckton: Baha'i Mystic".
  3. Robert Steele; Yolanda Foote. "Buckton, George Bowdler". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32160. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  4. L. C. G. Abdo (2003). The Baha'is in Britain 1899-1930 (PDF) (PhD). School of Oriental and African Studies. pp. 59, 74, 83, 98–99. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  5. Abdo identifies her with an Alice Mary Buckton who married the Unitarian clergyman J. Estlin Carpenter. However, that Alice Mary was the daughter of a George Buckton of Leeds, and her dates were 1854-1931.
  6. Pam Hirsch; Mary Hilton (2014). Practical Visionaries: Women, Education and Social Progress, 1790-1930. Routledge. p. 187. ISBN 978-1-317-87722-6.
  7. Kevin Joseph Brehony (1988). The Froebel movement and state schooling 1880-1914: A study in educational ideology (PhD). The Open University.
  8. Susan Gardner (9 March 2018). "The story of Kindergarten pioneer Lileen Hardy".
  9. Evelyn Lawrence (2012). Friedrich Froebel and English Education (RLE Edu K). Routledge. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-136-49215-0.
  10. "The heart worships". WorldCat.org. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  11. ""Eager Heart": Christmas Mystery Play at Church House". The Times. 26 November 1921. p. 8.
  12. Allardyce Nicoll (2009). English Drama, 1900-1930: The Beginnings of the Modern Period. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 230–1. ISBN 978-0-521-12947-3.
  13. "The Universal Races Congress". The Manchester Guardian. 18 July 1911. p. 5.
  14. Marilyn Lake; Henry Reynolds (2008). Drawing the Global Colour Line: White Men's Countries and the Question of Racial Equality. Melbourne Univ. Publishing. p. 252. ISBN 978-0-522-85478-7.
  15. Ian Bradley (2012). Water: A Spiritual History. A&C Black. pp. 203–. ISBN 978-1-4411-1173-9.
  16. Roger Simpson (Spring 2018). "Arthurian Pageants in Twentieth-Century Britain". Arthuriana. 18 (1): 63–87.
  17. ""Dancing scenery" in folk drama". The Manchester Guardian. 11 January 1914. p. 6.
  18. "Court Circular". The Times. 23 September 1918. p. 11.
  19. "May Day in Ancoats: A new festival for the maean streets". The Manchester Guardian. 30 March 1920. p. 12.
  20. "Broadcasting: the programmes". The Times. 25 June 1925. p. 8.
  21. "Civil List Pensions". The Times. 16 April 1938. p. 8.

Further reading
  • Tracy Cutting, Beneath the Silent Tor: The Life and Work of Alice Buckton. Glastonbury, 2004.
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