Tafsir Ibn Ajiba

Al-Bahr al-Madeed fi Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Majeed (Arabic: البحر المديد في تفسير القرآن المجيد, lit. 'The Vast Sea in the Interpretation of the Glorious Qur'an') or shortly named al-Baḥr al-Madīd (English: The Immense Ocean), better known as Tafsir Ibn 'Ajiba (Arabic: تفسير ابن عجيبة), is a Sunni Sufi tafsir work, authored by the Maliki-Ash'ari scholar Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba (d. 1224/1809), who was following the Shadhili-Darqawi order.

The Immense Ocean
Cover
AuthorAhmad ibn 'Ajiba
Original titleAl-Baḥr al-Madīd
TranslatorsTranslated into English by Mohamed Fouad Aresmouk, and Michael Abdurrahman Fitzgerald
CountryMorocco
LanguageArabic, English
SubjectTafsir, Sufism
PublisherFons Vitae
Publication date
2009
Pages204
ISBN9781891785283
The Opening and other Meccan Revelations: Selections from al-Bahr al-Madid of Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba, translated by Abdul Aziz Suraqah.

It is the only traditional Qur'anic commentary which gives both exoteric exegesis and mystical, spiritual esoteric allusion (ishara) for each verse of the Qur'an, combines traditional exegesis with spiritual contemplation, exploring the outer and inner meanings of the sacred text.[1]

The reader will find commentary, both exoteric and esoteric, on most verses of the Qur'anic text, and will discover the depths at which Qur'anic discourse has been understood by the Sufis over the centuries and up to the author's era.[2]

Ibn Ajiba's tafsir was written in about five years.[3]

Background

Ibn 'Ajiba relied on several earlier sources for his interpretation, as he himself mentioned at the end of his tafsir, including the following:[4]

As for his Hadith sources, they are the six major Hadith collections (al-Kutub al-Sittah) of Sunni Islam and their valuable commentaries.

His linguistic sources are: Al-Alfiyya, al-Kafiyya al-Shafiyya by Ibn Malik, al-Tasheel by Ibn Hisham; and the books of Qur'an meanings, such as Ma'ani al-Qur'an by al-Farra' and al-Zajjaj; and also the dictionaries/lexicons books, such as al-Sihah by al-Jawhari, and Asas al-Balagha by al-Zamakhshari.

Most of the Sufi sources of his tafsir are from North Africa, al-Andalus, or Egypt. He quotes from scholars such as al-Junayd, al-Qushayri, al-Ghazali, al-Shadhili, al-Mursi, al-Sakandari, al-Darqawi, Muhammad al-Buzidi, al-Jili, al-Shushtari, al-Bistami, Zarruq and Ruzbihan al-Baqli. Ibn 'Ajiba's quotations from Ruzbihan have hitherto gone unnoticed, because Ibn 'Ajiba referred to him as "al-Wartajbi" (Arabic: الورتجبي).[1][Note 1]

About the author
Main article: Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba

Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba was a Shadhili-Darqawi shaykh who wrote over 30 Islamic Sufi books. He was born in a village near Tetouan to a sharifian family, who originated from an Andalusian mountain village called 'Ayn al-Rumman ("the Spring of Pomegranates"). He showed from an early age an aptitude for the religious sciences and became a traditional 'alim. His orientation changed when he read al-Hikam al-Ata'iyya (the wisdoms or aphorisms of Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Sakandari) with the commentary by Ibn 'Abbad al-Rundi (d. 792 AH/1390 CE), who contributed to the spread of the Shadhiliyya order in the Maghreb (northwest Africa).[6]

Notes
  1. Ruzbihan al-Baqli al-Shirazi (d. 606/1209) is also known as "Al-Wartajbi", but this name is unknown and unpopular, which made Ibn 'Ajiba's quotations from him seem to have been utterly unnoticed.[5]

See also
Part of a series on Islam
Sufism
Tomb of Abdul Qadir Gilani, Baghdad, Iraq
Ideas
Practices
Sufi orders
Sunni

Shi'a

Non-denominational
List of sufis
Topics in Sufism
 Islam portal

References
  1. Andrew Rippin (2008). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an. John Wiley & Sons. p. 358. ISBN 978-1-4051-7844-0.
  2. "The Immense Ocean: Al-Bahr al-Madid". fonsvitae.com. Fons Vitae Publishing. Archived from the original on 30 Mar 2021.
  3. "من ذخيرتنا المدفونة: البحر المديد في تفسير القرآن المجيد، لابن عجيبة". www.habous.gov.ma. Morocco's Minister of Religious Endowments and Islamic Affairs. Archived from the original on 31 Mar 2021. وإذن فهذا العمل الجليل المطبوع بطابع العمق في التحليل والنضج في العرض لم يكن وليد سنة أو سنتين وإنما كان وليد فترة من الزمن قاربت خمس سنوات، أنفقها المؤلف في رحلة بهية، ممتعة في أعطاف القرآن
  4. "أبوالعباس أحمد بن محمد "ابن عجيبة" والبحر المديد في تفسير القرآن المجيد". www.albayan.ae (in Arabic). 21 October 2005. Archived from the original on 31 Mar 2021.
  5. Abu Bakr Muhammad Banani (January 2010). الفتوحات القدسية في شرح قصيدة في حال السلوك عند الصوفية المسماة (القصيدة النقشبندية) (in Arabic). Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyyah. ISBN 978-2-7451-7078-1 – via Google Books. تفسير القرآن "للورتجبي" وهو الشيخ روزبهان البقلي الشيرازي
  6. Shaykh Fadhlalla Haeri; Muneera Haeri (2019). Sufi Encounters: Sharing the Wisdom of Enlightened Sufis. Watkins Media Limited. p. 232. ISBN 978-1-78678-344-8.

Further reading
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