Abd al-Hadi al-Shirazi

Grand Ayatollah Mirza Abd al-Hadi al-Husayni al-Shirazi (Arabic: عبد الهادي الحسيني الشيرازي; Persian: عبدالهادى حسينى شيرازى; 1882 – July 13, 1962) was an Iraqi-Iranian Shia marja' and poet.[1][2][3] After the death of Abu al-Hasan al-Esfehani, al-Shirazi was considered to be one of the highest ranking scholars in Iraq, along with Muhsin al-Hakim (possibly higher ranking than al-Hakim)[4] and some less popular jurists like Muhammad-Husayn Kashif al-Ghitaa, Mahmoud al-Shahroudi, and Muhammad-Ridha Al Yasin.[5] His brother-in-law, Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi was the leading scholar in Karbala.

Grand Ayatollah Sayyid
Abdul Hadi al-Shirazi
السيد عبد الهادي الحسيني الشيرازي
Personal
Born1882 (1882)
Samarra, Baghdad Vilayet, Ottoman Empire
DiedJuly 13, 1962(1962-07-13) (aged 79–80)
Najaf, Republic of Iraq
Resting placeImam Ali Shrine
ReligionIslam
Children
  • Musa
  • Muhammad-Ali
  • Muhammad-Ibrahim
ParentIsmail al-Shirazi (father)
JurisprudenceTwelver Shia Islam
RelativesMirza Shirazi (first cousin, once removed & uncle-in-law)
Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi (second cousin, once removed & brother-in-law)
Muslim leader
Based inNajaf, Iraq

He was one of the leading scholars that issued an anti-communist fatwa during the rise of the "red tide" in Iraq under Abd al-Karim Qasim.

Early life and education

Early life

He was born in 1888, in the city of Samarra to the prominent religious al-Shirazi family. His father was Mirza Ismail al-Shirazi, a mujtahid and poet, who fell ill and died a few months after his sons birth.[6] Mirza Shirazi, the pioneer of the Tobacco Movement was married to his paternal aunt. Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi was his brother-in-law.[7]

Education

He grew up and studied in Samarra, under his cousin Sayyed Agha Ali al-Shirazi (son of Mirza Shirazi; d. 1936) and his wife's maternal uncle Mirza Muhammad-Taqi al-Shirazi. He then moved to Najaf in 1908, to complete his religious education. He studied under greats such as Sheikh Fathallah al-Isfahani, Sheikh Muhammad-Kadhim al-Khorasani, Sheikh Muhammad-Hussain al-Naini and Sheikh Dhiya' al-Din al-Iraqi. He then returned to Samarra in 1912, to study again under his Agha Ali and Mirza Taqi. He then left Samarra for Karbala with Mirza Taqi, who was preparing for the Iraqi revolt. He remained in Karbala for a while, then returned to Najaf in 1918, resuming his classes with Sheikh al-Isfahani.[8]

Eventually, he began teaching in his home, until his voice rendered inaudible due to the number of people present in his class, so he relocated to the al-Turuk Mosque in the al-Huwaysh area. By 1935, he was considered one of the leading scholars and teachers of Najaf.[9]

Works

Books
  • Dar al-Salam Fi Ahkam al-Salam Fi Shari' al-Islam (Home of Peace in the Laws of Peace in Islamic Law)
  • Ijtima' al-Amur wal-Nahi (Joining of Doing and Forbidding)
  • Manasik al-Hajj (Hajj laws)
  • Diwan (Poetry collection)
  • Wasilat al-Najat (Means of Salvation)
  • Thakhirat al-Ibad (The Worshippers' Provisions)

Poetry

al-Shirazi grew up in a household that was constantly visited by grand poets like Sayyid Haidar al-Hilli and Sayyid Jafar al-Tabatabaei, who were contemporaries of his father, and so became a capable poet, writing numerous poems in praise of the Ahl al-Bayt, in Arabic and Persian.[10]

One of his most notable poems is about Abu Talib:

Personal life

al-Shirazi was married to Um Moosa, the daughter of his second cousin, once removed, Mirza Habiballah al-Shirazi. He had five daughters and three sons (Musa, Muhammad-Ali and Muhammad-Ibrahim).[11] All of his sons were clerics. His son Musa died in Tehran in 1980. Muhammad-Ali died in Najaf in 2003. Muhammad-Ibrahim was abducted and executed by the Baathist regime, along with a group of scholars from Najaf and Karbala, in 1991.[12]

He lost his eyesight in 1949 due to a disease that he attempted to treat in Tehran, but was unsuccessful.

Death

al-Shirazi caught a fever and died on Friday, July 13, 1962, in Kufa. He was buried in the Imam Ali shrine. Ayatollah Sayyid Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei led his funeral prayers.[1]

References
  1. "al-Sayyid Abd al-Hadi al-Shirazi". al-shia.org (in Persian). 2014-11-24. Retrieved 2020-04-21.
  2. "al-Sayyid Abd al-Hadi al-Shirazi". alwelayh.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-04-21.
  3. "Abd al-Hadi bin Ismail al-Shirazi". almerja.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-04-21.
  4. al-Azzawi, Dr. Fadhil (2017-01-01). Khafaya al-Mu'amarat al-Duwaliya Li Isqat al-Hukm al-Watani al-Qawmi Fi al-Iraq Munth Ta'sisahu Aam 1921 Wa Lighayat Ihtilalih Aam 2003 [Hidden State Conspiracies To Befall The National Patriotic Governance In Iraq From Its Conception In 1921 Til Its Invasion In 2003] (in Arabic). Al Manhal. p. 34. ISBN 9796500275406.
  5. al-Khayun, Rashid (2012-03-01). Amali al-Sayyid Taleb al-Rifa'i (in Arabic). Dar Madarik Lil Nashr. p. 260. ISBN 978-614-429-029-3.
  6. al-Kadhimi, Aqeel. "al-Mirza Ismail al-Shirazi". www.shoaraa.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-04-21.
  7. "Gusha-e Az Zendegani Ayat Ullah al-Uzma Mirza Mahdi Husayni Shirazi Qudisah Siruh". Official Website of Ayatollah Shirazi (in Persian). Retrieved 2020-03-22.
  8. al-Sobhani, Jafar. Mowso'at Tabaqat al-Fuqaha [Glossary of Jurists]. Vol. 14. Beirut, Lebanon: Mu'asasat al-Imam al-Sadiq. p. 398.
  9. al-Fatlawi, Abbod Kadhim (1999). al-Muntakhab Min A'lam al-Fikr wal-Adab (in Arabic). Beirut Lebanon: Mu'asasat al-Mawaheb. p. 295.
  10. al-Khāqānī, ʻAlī. Shuʻarāʼ al-Gharī [Poets of Ghari] (in Arabic). Vol. 6. Qom, Iran: Maktabat Ayatollah al-Udhma al-Marashi al-Najafi. p. 140.
  11. "Thikra Wafat al-Sayyid Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi Fi 28 Shaban" [Ayatollah Sayyid al-Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi's death anniversary on the 28th of Shaban (lunar calendar)]. An-Nabaa Information Network (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-03-22.
  12. Corboz, Elvire (2015-01-20). Guardians of Shi'ism: Sacred Authority and Transnational Family Networks. Edinburgh University Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-7486-9145-6.
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