ARIB STD B24 character set
Volume 1 of the Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) STD-B24 standard for Broadcast Markup Language[2] specifies, amongst other details, a character encoding for use in Japanese-language broadcasting. It was introduced on 1999-10-26.[2] The latest revision is version 6.3 as of 2016-07-06.
Standard | ARIB STB-B24 Volume 1 |
---|---|
Classification | ISO 2022 profile/extension |
Transforms / Encodes | ARIB STB-B24 Kanji, Kana and mosaic sets, JIS X 0201 |
Language(s) | Japanese, English, Russian Partial support: Greek, Chinese |
---|---|
Standard | ARIB STB-B24 Volume 1 |
Classification | ISO-2022-structured CJK DBCS |
Extends | JIS X 0208 |
Encoding formats | |
It includes a number of ARIB extended characters (ARIB外字, ARIB gaiji) not found in the base standards (JIS X 0208 and JIS X 0201). It was the source standard for many symbol characters which were added to Unicode, including portions of the Miscellaneous Symbols, Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement and Enclosed Ideographic Supplement blocks.[3] Its contributions partially overlap the Unicode emoji, but were added a year earlier, in Unicode 5.2.[4]
Fascicle 1 of the ARIB STD-B62 standard, published in 2014, defines Unicode mappings for a selection of the B24 extended characters (excluding, for example, those duplicated by JIS X 0213), as well as a few extended Kanji.[5] It also includes a mapping of utilised characters outside the Basic Multilingual Plane to the BMP's private use area.
Sets and codes
The ARIB STD B24 standard defines multiple character sets and a method of switching between them. These include a Kanji set (an extension of JIS X 0208), an Alphanumeric set, a Hiragana set, Katakana sets of two distinct layouts and four mosaic sets.[6] The sets are selected using ISO 2022 mechanisms for 94-sets, using the following codes (proportional sets use the same layout as the corresponding non-proportional ones):[7]
Set | Type | Code (column/line) | Code (hexadecimal) | Code (ASCII character) | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kanji | 2-byte | 4/2 | 42 | B | The escape code B used for the ARIB Kanji set[7] is used for the 1983 version of JIS C 6226 (JIS X 0208, of which the ARIB Kanji set is an extension) in ISO-2022-JP.[8][9] |
Alphanumeric | 1-byte | 4/10 | 4A | J | JIS_C6220-ro (ISO646-JP, JIS X 0201 Roman set). Similar to ASCII, with two assignments differing. Escape code J matches usage in ISO-2022-JP.[9] |
Proportional alphanumeric | 1-byte | 3/6 | 36 | 6 | |
Hiragana | 1-byte | 3/0 | 30 | 0 | Hiragana themselves follow the same layout as row 4 of JIS X 0208, but without a lead byte. Also adds several additional assignments for punctuation. |
Proportional Hiragana | 1-byte | 3/7 | 37 | 7 | |
Katakana | 1-byte | 3/1 | 31 | 1 | Katakana themselves follow the same layout as row 5 of JIS X 0208, but without a lead byte. Also adds several additional assignments for punctuation. |
Proportional Katakana | 1-byte | 3/8 | 38 | 8 | |
JIS X 0201 Katakana | 1-byte | 4/9 | 49 | I | JIS_C6220-jp (JIS X 0201 Kana set). Escape code matches usage in ISO-2022-JP-3. |
Mosaic A | 1-byte | 3/2 | 32 | 2 | Pseudographics |
Mosaic B | 1-byte | 3/3 | 33 | 3 | |
Mosaic C | 1-byte | 3/4 | 34 | 4 | Non-spacing pseudographics |
Mosaic D | 1-byte | 3/5 | 35 | 5 |
Code charts
Kanji (double-byte) set
This is a double-byte character set extending JIS X 0208.
Lead byte
The encoding bytes correspond to the row or cell number plus 0x20, or 32 in decimal (see below). Hence, the code set starting with 0x21 has a row number of 1, and its cell 1 has a continuation byte of 0x21 (or 33), and so forth. Most of the code corresponds to JIS X 0208.
ARIB STD-B24 Kanji (double-byte) set (lead bytes) | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
2x | SP | 1-_ | 2-_ | 3-_ | 4-_ | 5-_ | 6-_ | 7-_ | 8-_ | 9-_ | 10-_ | 11-_ | 12-_ | 13-_ | 14-_ | 15-_ |
3x | 16-_ | 17-_ | 18-_ | 19-_ | 20-_ | 21-_ | 22-_ | 23-_ | 24-_ | 25-_ | 26-_ | 27-_ | 28-_ | 29-_ | 30-_ | 31-_ |
4x | 32-_ | 33-_ | 34-_ | 35-_ | 36-_ | 37-_ | 38-_ | 39-_ | 40-_ | 41-_ | 42-_ | 43-_ | 44-_ | 45-_ | 46-_ | 47-_ |
5x | 48-_ | 49-_ | 50-_ | 51-_ | 52-_ | 53-_ | 54-_ | 55-_ | 56-_ | 57-_ | 58-_ | 59-_ | 60-_ | 61-_ | 62-_ | 63-_ |
6x | 64-_ | 65-_ | 66-_ | 67-_ | 68-_ | 69-_ | 70-_ | 71-_ | 72-_ | 73-_ | 74-_ | 75-_ | 76-_ | 77-_ | 78-_ | 79-_ |
7x | 80-_ | 81-_ | 82-_ | 83-_ | 84-_ | 85-_ | 86-_ | 87-_ | 88-_ | 89-_ | 90-_ | 91-_ | 92-_ | 93-_ | 94-_ | DEL |
Unused lead byte
Lead byte
Differences from JIS X 0208 |
Character sets 0x21-0x74 (row numbers 1-84: punctuation, alphabets, numbers, Kana, Kanji)
Character set 0x7A (row number 90, traffic symbols)
Characters 90-45 through 90-63 and 90-66 through 90-84 (shown below shaded) are listed in the B24 standard only in table 7-10 (the list of extension characters), and are also the only characters in rows 90 through 91 which are not transport-related symbols; this is noted in the B24 standard in an endnote to table 7-10.[10] The remainder of the extensions are listed in both table 7-4 (the double-byte code chart) and table 7-10.[10]
ARIB STD-B24 Kanji (double-byte) set (prefixed with 0x7A)[5][11] | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
2x | ⛌ 26CC |
⛍ 26CD |
❗︎ 2757 |
⛏ 26CF |
⛐ 26D0 |
⛑ 26D1 |
⛒ 26D2 |
⛕ 26D5 |
⛓ 26D3 |
⛔︎ 26D4 |
||||||
3x | 🅿 1F17F |
🆊 1F18A |
⛖ 26D6 |
⛗ 26D7 |
⛘ 26D8 |
⛙ 26D9 |
⛚ 26DA |
⛛ 26DB |
⛜ 26DC |
⛝ 26DD |
⛞ 26DE |
⛟ 26DF |
⛠ 26E0 |
⛡ 26E1 | ||
4x | ⭕︎ 2B55 |
㉈ 3248 |
㉉ 3249 |
㉊ 324A |
㉋ 324B |
㉌ 324C |
㉍ 324D |
㉎ 324E |
㉏ 324F |
⒑ 2491 |
⒒ 2492 |
⒓ 2493 | ||||
5x | 🅊 1F14A |
🅌 1F14C |
🄿 1F13F |
🅆 1F146 |
🅋 1F14B |
🈐 1F210 |
🈑 1F211 |
🈒 1F212 |
🈓 1F213 |
🅂 1F142 |
🈔 1F214 |
🈕 1F215 |
🈖 1F216 |
🅍 1F14D |
🄱 1F131 |
🄽 1F13D |
6x | ⬛︎ 2B1B |
⬤ 2B24 |
🈗 1F217 |
🈘 1F218 |
🈙 1F219 |
🈚︎ 1F21A |
🈛 1F21B |
⚿ 26BF |
🈜 1F21C |
🈝 1F21D |
🈞 1F21E |
🈟 1F21F |
🈠 1F220 |
🈡 1F221 |
🈢 1F222 |
🈣 1F223 |
7x | 🈤 1F224 |
🈥 1F225 |
🅎 1F14E |
㊙ 3299 |
🈀 1F200 |
|||||||||||
Additions from table 7-10 not in table 7-4.
|
Character set 0x7B (row number 91, map symbols)
Characters from ARIB STD-B24 which were not retained in ARIB STD-B62 are shown shaded.
ARIB STD-B24 Kanji (double-byte) set (prefixed with 0x7B)[5][11][12] | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
2x | ⛣ 26E3 |
⭖ 2B56 |
⭗ 2B57 |
⭘ 2B58 |
⭙ 2B59 |
☓ 2613 |
㊋ 328B |
〒 3012 |
⛨ 26E8 |
㉆ 3246 |
㉅ 3245 |
⛩ 26E9 |
࿖[lower-alpha 1] 0FD6 |
⛪︎ 26EA |
⛫ 26EB | |
3x | ⛬ 26EC |
♨ 2668 |
⛭ 26ED |
⛮ 26EE |
⛯ 26EF |
⚓︎ 2693 |
✈ 2708 |
⛰ 26F0 |
⛱ 26F1 |
⛲︎ 26F2 |
⛳︎ 26F3 |
⛴ 26F4 |
⛵︎ 26F5 |
🅗 1F157 |
Ⓓ 24B9 |
Ⓢ 24C8 |
4x | ⛶ 26F6 |
🅟 1F15F |
🆋 1F18B |
🆍 1F18D |
🆌 1F18C |
🅹 1F179 |
⛷ 26F7 |
⛸ 26F8 |
⛹ 26F9 |
⛺︎ 26FA |
🅻 1F17B |
☎ 260E |
⛻ 26FB |
⛼ 26FC |
⛽︎ 26FD |
⛾ 26FE |
5x | 🅼 1F17C |
⛿ 26FF |
||||||||||||||
6x | ||||||||||||||||
7x | ||||||||||||||||
Not in ARIB STD-B62
|
Character set 0x7C (row number 92, units, enclosed forms, list markers, arrows)
Characters from ARIB STD-B24 which were not retained in ARIB STD-B62 are shown shaded.
Character set 0x7D (row number 93, game and weather symbols, fractions, units, enclosed forms)
Characters from ARIB STD-B24 which were not retained in ARIB STD-B62 are shown shaded.
ARIB STD-B24 Kanji (double-byte) set (prefixed with 0x7D)[5][11][12] | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
2x | ㈪ 322A |
㈫ 322B |
㈬ 322C |
㈭ 322D |
㈮ 322E |
㈯ 322F |
㈰ 3230 |
㈷ 3237 |
㍾ 337E |
㍽ 337D |
㍼ 337C |
㍻ 337B |
№ 2116 |
℡ 2121 |
〶 3036 | |
3x | ⚾︎ 26BE |
🉀 1F240 |
🉁 1F241 |
🉂 1F242 |
🉃 1F243 |
🉄 1F244 |
🉅 1F245 |
🉆 1F246 |
🉇 1F247 |
🉈 1F248 |
🄪 1F12A |
🈧 1F227 |
🈨 1F228 |
🈩 1F229 |
🈔 1F214 |
🈪 1F22A |
4x | 🈫 1F22B |
🈬 1F22C |
🈭 1F22D |
🈮 1F22E |
🈯︎ 1F22F |
🈰 1F230 |
🈱 1F231 |
ℓ 2113 |
㎏ 338F |
㎐ 3390 |
㏊ 33CA |
㎞ 339E |
㎢ 33A2 |
㍱ 3371 |
||
5x | ½ 00BD |
↉ 2189 |
⅓ 2153 |
⅔ 2154 |
¼ 00BC |
¾ 00BE |
⅕ 2155 |
⅖ 2156 |
⅗ 2157 |
⅘ 2158 |
⅙ 2159 |
⅚ 215A |
⅐ 2150 |
⅛ 215B |
⅑ 2151 |
⅒ 2152 |
6x | ☀ 2600 |
☁ 2601 |
☂ 2602 |
⛄︎ 26C4 |
☖ 2616 |
☗ 2617 |
⛉ 26C9 |
⛊ 26CA |
♦ 2666 |
♥ 2665 |
♣ 2663 |
♠ 2660 |
⛋ 26CB |
⨀ 2A00 |
‼ 203C |
⁉ 2049 |
7x | ⛅︎ 26C5 |
☔︎ 2614 |
⛆ 26C6 |
☃ 2603 |
⛇ 26C7 |
⚡︎ 26A1 |
⛈ 26C8 |
⚞ 269E |
⚟ 269F |
♬ 266C |
☎ 260E |
|||||
Not in ARIB STD-B62
|
Character set 0x7E (row number 94, list markers)
Characters from ARIB STD-B24 which were not retained in ARIB STD-B62 are shown shaded.
ARIB STD-B24 Kanji (double-byte) set (prefixed with 0x7E)[5][11][12] | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
2x | Ⅰ 2160 |
Ⅱ 2161 |
Ⅲ 2162 |
Ⅳ 2163 |
Ⅴ 2164 |
Ⅵ 2165 |
Ⅶ 2166 |
Ⅷ 2167 |
Ⅸ 2168 |
Ⅹ 2169 |
Ⅺ 216A |
Ⅻ 216B |
⑰ 2470 |
⑱ 2471 |
⑲ 2472 | |
3x | ⑳ 2473 |
⑴ 2474 |
⑵ 2475 |
⑶ 2476 |
⑷ 2477 |
⑸ 2478 |
⑹ 2479 |
⑺ 247A |
⑻ 247B |
⑼ 247C |
⑽ 247D |
⑾ 247E |
⑿ 247F |
㉑ 3251 |
㉒ 3252 |
㉓ 3253 |
4x | ㉔ 3254 |
🄐 1F110 |
🄑 1F111 |
🄒 1F112 |
🄓 1F113 |
🄔 1F114 |
🄕 1F115 |
🄖 1F116 |
🄗 1F117 |
🄘 1F118 |
🄙 1F119 |
🄚 1F11A |
🄛 1F11B |
🄜 1F11C |
🄝 1F11D |
🄞 1F11E |
5x | 🄟 1F11F |
🄠 1F120 |
🄡 1F121 |
🄢 1F122 |
🄣 1F123 |
🄤 1F124 |
🄥 1F125 |
🄦 1F126 |
🄧 1F127 |
🄨 1F128 |
🄩 1F129 |
㉕ 3255 |
㉖ 3256 |
㉗ 3257 |
㉘ 3258 |
㉙ 3259 |
6x | ㉚ 325A |
① 2460 |
② 2461 |
③ 2462 |
④ 2463 |
⑤ 2464 |
⑥ 2465 |
⑦ 2466 |
⑧ 2467 |
⑨ 2468 |
⑩ 2469 |
⑪ 246A |
⑫ 246B |
⑬ 246C |
⑭ 246D |
⑮ 246E |
7x | ⑯ 246F |
❶ 2776 |
❷ 2777 |
❸ 2778 |
❹ 2779 |
❺ 277A |
❻ 277B |
❼ 277C |
❽ 277D |
❾ 277E |
❿ 277F |
⓫ 24EB |
⓬ 24EC |
㉛ 325B |
||
Not in ARIB STD-B62
|
Alphanumeric set
ARIB STD-B24 Alphanumeric set[14] | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
2x | ! 0021 |
" 0022 |
# 0023 |
$ 0024 |
% 0025 |
& 0026 |
' 0027 |
( 0028 |
) 0029 |
* 002A |
+ 002B |
, 002C |
- 002D |
. 002E |
/ 002F | |
3x | 0 0030 |
1 0031 |
2 0032 |
3 0033 |
4 0034 |
5 0035 |
6 0036 |
7 0037 |
8 0038 |
9 0039 |
: 003A |
; 003B |
< 003C |
= 003D |
> 003E |
? 003F |
4x | @ 0040 |
A 0041 |
B 0042 |
C 0043 |
D 0044 |
E 0045 |
F 0046 |
G 0047 |
H 0048 |
I 0049 |
J 004A |
K 004B |
L 004C |
M 004D |
N 004E |
O 004F |
5x | P 0050 |
Q 0051 |
R 0052 |
S 0053 |
T 0054 |
U 0055 |
V 0056 |
W 0057 |
X 0058 |
Y 0059 |
Z 005A |
[ 005B |
¥ 00A5 |
] 005D |
^ 005E |
_ 005F |
6x | ` 0060 |
a 0061 |
b 0062 |
c 0063 |
d 0064 |
e 0065 |
f 0066 |
g 0067 |
h 0068 |
i 0069 |
j 006A |
k 006B |
l 006C |
m 006D |
n 006E |
o 006F |
7x | p 0070 |
q 0071 |
r 0072 |
s 0073 |
t 0074 |
u 0075 |
v 0076 |
w 0077 |
x 0078 |
y 0079 |
z 007A |
{ 007B |
| 007C |
} 007D |
‾ 203E |
|
Hiragana set
ARIB STD-B24 Hiragana set[15] | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
2x | ぁ 3041 |
あ 3042 |
ぃ 3043 |
い 3044 |
ぅ 3045 |
う 3046 |
ぇ 3047 |
え 3048 |
ぉ 3049 |
お 304A |
か 304B |
が 304C |
き 304D |
ぎ 304E |
く 304F | |
3x | ぐ 3050 |
け 3051 |
げ 3052 |
こ 3053 |
ご 3054 |
さ 3055 |
ざ 3056 |
し 3057 |
じ 3058 |
す 3059 |
ず 305A |
せ 305B |
ぜ 305C |
そ 305D |
ぞ 305E |
た 305F |
4x | だ 3060 |
ち 3061 |
ぢ 3062 |
っ 3063 |
つ 3064 |
づ 3065 |
て 3066 |
で 3067 |
と 3068 |
ど 3069 |
な 306A |
に 306B |
ぬ 306C |
ね 306D |
の 306E |
は 306F |
5x | ば 3070 |
ぱ 3071 |
ひ 3072 |
び 3073 |
ぴ 3074 |
ふ 3075 |
ぶ 3076 |
ぷ 3077 |
へ 3078 |
べ 3079 |
ぺ 307A |
ほ 307B |
ぼ 307C |
ぽ 307D |
ま 307E |
み 307F |
6x | む 3080 |
め 3081 |
も 3082 |
ゃ 3083 |
や 3084 |
ゅ 3085 |
ゆ 3086 |
ょ 3087 |
よ 3088 |
ら 3089 |
り 308A |
る 308B |
れ 308C |
ろ 308D |
ゎ 308E |
わ 308F |
7x | ゐ 3090 |
ゑ 3091 |
を 3092 |
ん 3093 |
ゝ 309D |
ゞ 309E |
ー 30FC |
。 3002 |
「 300C |
」 300D |
、 3001 |
・ 30FB |
||||
Character allocations not following row 4 of JIS X 0208
|
Katakana set
ARIB STD-B24 Katakana set[16] | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
2x | ァ 30A1 |
ア 30A2 |
ィ 30A3 |
イ 30A4 |
ゥ 30A5 |
ウ 30A6 |
ェ 30A7 |
エ 30A8 |
ォ 30A9 |
オ 30AA |
カ 30AB |
ガ 30AC |
キ 30AD |
ギ 30AE |
ク 30AF | |
3x | グ 30B0 |
ケ 30B1 |
ゲ 30B2 |
コ 30B3 |
ゴ 30B4 |
サ 30B5 |
ザ 30B6 |
シ 30B7 |
ジ 30B8 |
ス 30B9 |
ズ 30BA |
セ 30BB |
ゼ 30BC |
ソ 30BD |
ゾ 30BE |
タ 30BF |
4x | ダ 30C0 |
チ 30C1 |
ヂ 30C2 |
ッ 30C3 |
ツ 30C4 |
ヅ 30C5 |
テ 30C6 |
デ 30C7 |
ト 30C8 |
ド 30C9 |
ナ 30CA |
ニ 30CB |
ヌ 30CC |
ネ 30CD |
ノ 30CE |
ハ 30CF |
5x | バ 30D0 |
パ 30D1 |
ヒ 30D2 |
ビ 30D3 |
ピ 30D4 |
フ 30D5 |
ブ 30D6 |
プ 30D7 |
ヘ 30D8 |
ベ 30D9 |
ペ 30DA |
ホ 30DB |
ボ 30DC |
ポ 30DD |
マ 30DE |
ミ 30DF |
6x | ム 30E0 |
メ 30E1 |
モ 30E2 |
ャ 30E3 |
ヤ 30E4 |
ュ 30E5 |
ユ 30E6 |
ョ 30E7 |
ヨ 30E8 |
ラ 30E9 |
リ 30EA |
ル 30EB |
レ 30EC |
ロ 30ED |
ヮ 30EE |
ワ 30EF |
7x | ヰ 30F0 |
ヱ 30F1 |
ヲ 30F2 |
ン 30F3 |
ヴ 30F4 |
ヵ 30F5 |
ヶ 30F6 |
ヽ 30FD |
ヾ 30FE |
ー 30FC |
。 3002 |
「 300C |
」 300D |
、 3001 |
・ 30FB |
|
Character allocations not following row 5 of JIS X 0208
|
JIS X 0201 Katakana set
ARIB STD-B24 JIS X 0201 Katakana set[17] | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
2x | 。 FF61 |
「 FF62 |
」 FF63 |
、 FF64 |
・ FF65 |
ヲ FF66 |
ァ FF67 |
ィ FF68 |
ゥ FF69 |
ェ FF6A |
ォ FF6B |
ャ FF6C |
ュ FF6D |
ョ FF6E |
ッ FF6F | |
3x | ー FF70 |
ア FF71 |
イ FF72 |
ウ FF73 |
エ FF74 |
オ FF75 |
カ FF76 |
キ FF77 |
ク FF78 |
ケ FF79 |
コ FF7A |
サ FF7B |
シ FF7C |
ス FF7D |
セ FF7E |
ソ FF7F |
4x | タ FF80 |
チ FF81 |
ツ FF82 |
テ FF83 |
ト FF84 |
ナ FF85 |
ニ FF86 |
ヌ FF87 |
ネ FF88 |
ノ FF89 |
ハ FF8A |
ヒ FF8B |
フ FF8C |
ヘ FF8D |
ホ FF8E |
マ FF8F |
5x | ミ FF90 |
ム FF91 |
メ FF92 |
モ FF93 |
ヤ FF94 |
ユ FF95 |
ヨ FF96 |
ラ FF97 |
リ FF98 |
ル FF99 |
レ FF9A |
ロ FF9B |
ワ FF9C |
ン FF9D |
゙ FF9E |
゚ FF9F |
6x | ||||||||||||||||
7x |
Mosaic sets
Shift_JIS variant
In addition to the modified ISO 2022 encoding, the B24 standard also specifies a Shift JIS encoding following JIS X 0208:1997, but with the addition of the extended characters in the kanji set.[1]
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See also
Footnotes
- Glossed as "temple" (i.e. Buddhist temple) in B24 table 7-10 (the list of extension characters).
- Small form (70% size per code chart / table 7-10) of a kanji character. Shown here simulated. Private Use Area code points shown are those used by the Nishiki-teki font.[13]
- Musical abbreviation (or half thereof) not present in Unicode, simulated here with multiple characters. Private Use Area code points shown are those used by the Nishiki-teki font.
References
- ARIB (2008), p. 105, part 2, section 7.3
- ARIB (2008)
- Suignard, Michel (2008-03-11). "ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N 3397: Japanese TV Symbols" (PDF).
- "Unicode 5.2 Emoji List". Emojipedia.
- ARIB (2014), pp. 33–50, part 2, Table 5-2
- ARIB (2008), pp. 48–52
- ARIB (2008), p. 39, part 2, Table 7-3
- Japanese National Committee on ISO/TC97/SC2 (1984-07-01). Japanese Graphic Character Set for Information Interchange (PDF). ITSCJ/IPSJ. ISO-IR-87.
- RFC 1468 (IETF)
- ARIB (2008), p. 72
- ARIB (2008), pp. 54–72, part 2, Table 7-10
- ARIB (2008), pp. 46–47, part 2, Table 7-4
- "Nishiki-teki Version 3.82b (2021-07-23) - 6,416 characters in the Private Use Areas" (PDF).
- ARIB (2008), p. 48, part 2, Table 7-5
- ARIB (2008), p. 50, part 2, Table 7-7
- ARIB (2008), p. 49, part 2, Table 7-6
- ARIB (2008), p. 52, part 2, Table 7-9
- Data Coding and Transmission Specification for Digital Broadcasting (PDF) (ARIB Standard). 5.2-E1. Vol. 1. Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB). 2008-06-06 [1999-10-26]. ARIB STD-B24. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-10. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
- Multimedia Coding Specification for Digital Broadcasting (Second Generation) (PDF) (ARIB Standard). 1.0-E1. Vol. 1. Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB). 2014-07-31. ARIB STD-B62. Retrieved 2019-02-11.
Further reading
- Lunde, Ken Roger (December 2008). CJKV Information Processing (2 ed.). O'Reilly. ISBN 978-0-596-51447-1.
- Lunde, Ken Roger (December 1998). CJKV Information Processing (1 ed.). O'Reilly. ISBN 1-56592-224-7. (NB. Translated into Japanese and Chinese in 2002.)