AMX-10 RC

The AMX-10 RC is a French armoured fighting vehicle manufactured by Nexter Systems for armoured reconnaissance purposes. Equipping French cavalry units since 1981, over 240 remained in service with the French Army in 2021. 108 units were sold to Morocco and 12 to Qatar. "RC" stands for "Roues-Canon", meaning "wheeled gun". The vehicle can be described as a wheeled tank destroyer. It has also been described as a light tank, though its classification as a tank has been disputed;[1][2] it is described by the term "char" (tank) in French service.[3]

This article is about the French wheeled tank destroyer. For the French tracked amphibious IFV, see AMX-10P.

AMX-10 RC
A French Army AMX 10 RCR after the Bastille Day Parade (July 14, 2021)
Type
Place of originFrance
Service history
In service1981–present
Wars
Production history
Designed1970
No. built464
Specifications
Mass
Length
  • 9.15 m (30 ft 0 in) (gun forward)
  • 6.24 m (20 ft 6 in) (hull only)
Width2.78 m (9 ft 1 in)
Height2.56 m (8 ft 5 in)
Crew4
Armor
  • Frontal armour resistant against 23 mm API from 300 m
  • 14.5 mm AP all-around with add-on armor
Main
armament
105 mm F2 BK MECA L/47 medium-pressure gun (38 rounds)
Secondary
armament
  • 1 × 7.62 mm NF1 coaxial machine gun (4,000 cartridges)
  • 1 × 12.7 mm M2HB AA machine gun (optional)
  • 4 × GALIX smoke dischargers
Engine

  • HS-115: 186 kW (249 hp) at 3,200 rpm
  • 6F11: 209 kW (280 hp) at 3,000 rpm
Power/weightfrom 11.8 kW/tonne
Suspensionvariable hydropneumatic
Operational
range
800 km (500 mi) on road
Maximum speed
  • 85 km/h (53 mph) on road
  • 40 km/h (25 mph) off road

The AMX-10 RC is distinct from the amphibious AMX-10P: they share automotive components, but have completely different battlefield roles. The AMX-10 RC is usually used for reconnaissance missions in dangerous environments or for fire support.

Since 2021, France has been gradually replacing it with the EBRC Jaguar.[4]

Design and development
Diagram of AMX-10 RC

Initial work on the AMX-10 RC began in 1970. Prototypes testing began in 1976. The first production vehicle was delivered in 1981 to the 2nd Regiment de Hussards in Sourdun. The vehicle features a powerful GIAT 105 mm gun mounted in a welded aluminium turret. The TK 105 turret houses three crew members, while the driver sits in the front of the hull. A COTAC fire control system is provided for gun aiming. It has a six wheel drive. The AMX-10 RC uses skid steering to turn the hull.

Engine

The AMX-10 RC initially used the Hispano-Suiza HS 115-2, multi-fuel, liquid-cooled, supercharged V8 engine with 190 kW (250 hp) at 3,200 rpm.

In 1985, the Baudouin 6F11 SRX supercharged diesel engine was selected to equip the last production AMX-10 RC vehicles as a production cut-in, as well as for eventual retrofit to all AMX-10 RC vehicles of the French Army. This engine has 220 kW (300 hp), but governed at 190 kW (250 hp) at 3,000 rpm in the French army.

A 24 volt electrical system with six 12-volt/100-ampere-hour batteries is standard. Two waterjets are used for water propulsion, mounted on each side of the hull at the rear.

Transmission

The AMX-10 RC vehicles use an unspecified preselector gearbox with four forward and four reverse gear ratios. The clutch is electro-magnetically operated and the gearbox is fitted with a torque converter. A power take-off unit operates the two waterjets. The AMX-10 RC is skid steered and can perform a pivot turn.

Suspension and running gear

The 6x6 AMX-10 RC is fitted with a hydropneumatic suspension system with variable ground clearance and tilt, provided by Messier Auto-Industry. A centralized lubrication and tire inflation system is fitted. A shock damper is mounted at each wheel station.

Armament
French Army AMX-10 RC in 2017

The AMX-10 RC is fitted with a 105/47 F2 MECA 105 mm medium-pressure gun mounted in a GIAT Industries TK 105 three-man turret. The F2 cannon fires 105×527R proprietary ammunition. The turret uses a SAMM CH49 electrohydraulic gun control system. No stabilization system is fitted.

An ANF1 7.62 mm machine gun is mounted coaxially to the main armament. Two electrically operated smoke grenade launchers are mounted on each side of the turret. 38 main-gun rounds, 4,000 rounds of 7.62 mm ammunition, and 16 smoke grenades are carried.

French 105 mm 105×527R ammunition
Ammunition type Designation Round weight
(kg)		 Projectile weight
(kg)		 Muzzle velocity
(m/s)		 Penetration (mm)
HEAT-FS OCC 105 F3 13,85 kg 5,7 kg 1120 m/s >350 mm (at 0° incidence)
150 mm (at 60° incidence)
High-Explosive OE 105 F3 13,7 kg 7,2 kg 800 m/s —
Target Practice / Dummy BSCC 105 F3 13,85 kg 5,7 kg 1120 m/s —
APFSDS OFL 105 F3 13 kg 3,8 kg 1400 m/s NATO Single Heavy Target at 1200 m (150 mm at 60° incidence)
NATO Triple Heavy Target at 2200 m
Qatari AMX-10RCs in the desert during multinational combined-arms exercises, 2013

The F2 105 mm medium-pressure rifled gun fires four types of 105×527R ammunition: OFL 105 F3 APFSDS, OE 105 F3 HE, OCC 105 F3 HEAT-FS and the BSCC 105 F3 target practice round. The APFSDS, which uses the penetrator from the GIAT OFL 90 F1  mm APFSDS round, is capable of defeating a NATO single heavy tank target at a range of 1,200 metres and the NATO triple heavy tank target at a range of 2,200 metres.

The AMX-10 RC has been upgraded many times. The DIVT-13 LLTV was replaced by using DIVT-16, 18 and 19 CASTOR thermal sights taken from decommissioned AMX-30B2 MBTs. For its part in the 1991 Gulf War, the AMX-10 RC was provided with extra-high-hardness steel add-on armour and EIREL infrared jammer. The original muzzle brake was replaced by a more efficient one (10% recoil reduction) after the introduction of the OFL 105 F3 APFSDS in 1987. The flotation barrier and the water pump jets were removed (their intakes were sealed).

The AMX-10 RCR introduced a FINDERS C2R battlefield management system. One improvement considered, but not implemented, was the installation of the TML 105 modular light turret armed with a more powerful 105 mm G2 high-pressure gun, as the F2 gun was not compatible with NATO munitions. A central tire inflation system is available for added traction over soft terrain. The AMX-10 RC is equipped with an NBC (Nuclear/Biological/Chemical) protection system and may conduct reconnaissance in a radioactive environment.

AMX-10 RCR modernisation

In 2010, Nexter completed the modernisation of 256 AMX-10 RC vehicles to the RCR (Rénové; renovated) configuration. This programme integrated various systems and additional armour, active self-protection by SAGEM, LIRE (Leurre InfRarougE, infrared flare), the SIT (Système d'Information Terminal) V1 battlefield management system, Galix smoke grenade launchers, changes in the NBC protection and improvements in the suspension. Speed gearboxes and tactical communications were completed with Thales Communications & Security PR4G VS4. The integration was done by DCMAT (Direction Centrale du Matériel de l'Armée de Terre, Land Army Central Matèriel Directorate).[5]

Variants
An AMX-10 RC in 2006 with Central European camouflage introduced in 1991
  • AMX-10 RC: initial production model with amphibious capability.
  • AMX-10 RC surblindé (uparmored): fitted with add-on armor and without amphibious capability.
  • AMX-10 RCR revalorisé (upgraded)

Prototypes
  • AMX-10 RTT: APC version.
  • AMX-10 RAC: fitted with the TS 90 turret armed with a 90 mm gun.
  • AMX-10 RAA: AAA version first presented at Satory in 1981. It featured a large turret armed with two 30 mm autocannons.
  • AMX-10 RC with TML 105: AMX-10 RC fitted with the Tourelle Modulaire Légère (Light Modular Turret) featuring a stabilized G2 high-pressure 105 mm gun, GALIX launchers and new sights. A two-man configuration with a bustle-mounted autoloader was available as an option.

Operational history
French AMX-10RC reconnaissance vehicles move across the desert as part of a display of Allied armor during Operation Desert Shield

The French army's AMX-10 RC has been deployed to many theaters of operation since it was introduced, including the First Gulf War, the War in Afghanistan, in Mali, Kosovo, and Ivory Coast.

During the Russo-Ukrainian War, the AMX-10 RC saw action in the 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive in Zaporozhia.[6] First promised in January 2023, they entered Ukrainian service four months later with the 37th Marine Brigade (Ukraine). Ukrainian crews underwent a month of training in France to learn how to operate the vehicle. On 2 July 2023, amid the Ukrainian counteroffensive, it was reported that although they are good for supporting fire, the lack of a stabilizer for the main gun and their light armor made them unsuitable for frontline attacks, with fragments from 152mm artillery shells exploding nearby able to pierce the armor, causing the stored ammunition to explode, destroying the vehicle and killing the crew of four. French military experts had warned the AMX-10 RC was useful in supporting fire brigades or for exploiting gaps in the frontline, but that it was not designed to cope with modern anti-tank weaponry. The vehicles can also have problems with their gearboxes if used for prolonged periods on hard roads.[7][8] One tank was captured by forces of the Russian Federation and displayed in a military exhibit in Moscow on 15 August 2023.[9]

According to Oryx blog as of 30 July 2023, 4 Ukrainian AMX-10 RC vehicles were lost during the counteroffensive, one destroyed, 2 abandoned and one captured by Russian forces.[10]

Operators
A map of AMX 10 RC operators in blue

Current operators

Missions

References
  1. "French AMX-10 RC: Looks like a tank, but is not a tank. Why it could still be useful for Ukraine? - Technology Org". www.technology.org. 3 September 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  2. Korshak, Stefan. "EXPLAINED: France's AMX-10 RC – Not Bad, Though not Really a Tank". KyivPost. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  3. "Defence key figures - 2021" (PDF). December 2021.
  4. "Scorpion: Commande des premiers véhicules blindés Griffon et Jaguar" (in French). French Defense Ministry. 27 June 2017. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023 – via Milinfo.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) Search archive page for "27 juin 2017" or "AMX".
  5. Díaz, Álvaro (18 July 2011). "Nexter modifica un AMX-10RCR". defensa.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 8 October 2011.
  6. "@G_Yakovleff". Twitter. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  7. "Ukrainian commander warns French tanks are inadequate for counteroffensive". Euronews. 2 July 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
  8. Meadows, Sam (3 July 2023). "French 'tanks' blamed for Ukraine troop deaths". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  9. "VIDEOS: Russia shows off purported war trophies — prized Western weapons captured in Ukraine — at a new military theme park exhibit". Bussiness Insider. 16 August 2023.
  10. "Attack on Europe: Documenting Ukrainian Equipment Losses During the Russian Invasion of Ukraine".
  11. International Institute for Strategic Studies (2021). The Military Balance. Taylor & Francis. p. 455. ISBN 9781032012278.
  12. International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) (2016). The Military Balance 2016. London: IISS. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-85743-835-2.
  13. "Trade Registers". Armstrade.sipri.org. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  14. Gain, Nathan (14 February 2023). "Une première vague d'AMX-10RC en partance pour l'Ukraine". Forces Operation Blog. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  15. AFP, Staff Writer With (25 January 2023). "France Studying Whether to Send Leclerc Tanks to Ukraine". The Defense Post. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
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