Ninth Dynasty of Egypt

The Ninth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty IX) is often combined with the 7th, 8th, 10th and early 11th Dynasties under the group title First Intermediate Period.[1] The dynasty that seems to have supplanted the Eighth Dynasty is extremely obscure. The takeover by the rulers of Herakleopolis was violent and is reflected in Manetho's description of Achthoes, the founder of the dynasty, as 'more terrible than his predecessors', who 'wrought evil things for those in all Egypt".

Ninth Dynasty of Egypt
c. 2160 BC–c. 2130 BC
Jasper weight with the cartouche of Nebkaure Khety
Jasper weight with the cartouche of Nebkaure Khety
CapitalHerakleopolis Magna
Common languagesEgyptian language
Religion
ancient Egyptian religion
GovernmentAbsolute monarchy
Historical eraBronze Age
• Established
c. 2160 BC
• Disestablished
c. 2130 BC
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Seventh Dynasty of Egypt
Eighth Dynasty of Egypt
Tenth Dynasty of Egypt
Periods and dynasties of ancient Egypt
All years are BC
Early
Pre-dynastic period
First Dynasty I c. 3150–2890
Second Dynasty II 2890–2686
Old Kingdom
Third Dynasty III 2686–2613
Fourth Dynasty IV 2613–2498
Fifth Dynasty V 2498–2345
Sixth Dynasty VI 2345–2181
First Intermediate
Seventh Dynasty VII spurious
Eighth Dynasty VIII 2181–2160
Ninth Dynasty IX 2160–2130
Tenth Dynasty X 2130–2040
Early Eleventh Dynasty XI 2134–2061
Middle Kingdom
Late Eleventh Dynasty XI 2061–1991
Twelfth Dynasty XII 1991–1803
Thirteenth Dynasty XIII 1803–1649
Second Intermediate
Fourteenth Dynasty XIV 1705–1690
Fifteenth Dynasty (Hyksos) XV 1674–1535
Sixteenth Dynasty XVI 1660–1600
Abydos Dynasty 1650–1600
Seventeenth Dynasty XVII 1580–1549
New Kingdom
Eighteenth Dynasty XVIII 1549–1292
Nineteenth Dynasty XIX 1292–1189
Twentieth Dynasty XX 1189–1077
Third Intermediate
Twenty-first Dynasty XXI 1069–945
Twenty-second Dynasty XXII 945–720
Twenty-third Dynasty XXIII 837–728
Twenty-fourth Dynasty XXIV 732–720
Twenty-fifth Dynasty (Nubian) XXV 732–653
Late Period
Twenty-sixth Dynasty XXVI 672–525
XXVII 525–404
Twenty-eighth Dynasty XXVIII 404–398
Twenty-ninth Dynasty XXIX 398–380
Thirtieth Dynasty XXX 380–343
XXXI 343–332
Hellenistic Egypt
Thirty-second Dynasty XXXII 332–305
Thirty-third Dynasty XXXIII 305–30
Roman Egypt
XXXIV 30–313 AD
See also: List of pharaohs by period and dynasty
Periodization of ancient Egypt

Rulers

The Ninth Dynasty was founded at Herakleopolis Magna, and the Tenth Dynasty continued there. At this time Egypt was not unified, and there is some overlap between these and other local dynasties. The Turin Canon lists eighteen kings for this royal line, but their names are damaged, unidentifiable, or lost.[2]

The following is a possible list of rulers of the Ninth Dynasty based on the Turin Canon, as egyptologists have differing opinions about the order of succession within the two dynasties. Among them, only Meryibre Khety and Nebkaure Khety are undoubtedly attested by archaeological finds:

Dynasty IX (according to Hayes) (c. 2160 - 2130 BC)[3]
Name Image Comments
Meryibre Khety I Manetho's Achthoes, a nomarch who proclaimed himself pharaoh
[name lost] -
Neferkare VII Might be the Kaneferre mentioned in the tomb of the nomarch Ankhtifi
Nebkaure Khety II Also mentioned in The Eloquent Peasant tale
Setut -
[name lost] -
Mery[...] -
Shed[...] -
H[...] -
[three names lost] -
User(?)[...] -
Imhotep Ephemeral ruler of the Ninth Dynasty. Only known from a rock inscription in the Wadi Hammamat.[4][5][6][7][8] Correct chronological position unknown.
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References
  1. Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. p. 480. ISBN 0-19-815034-2.
  2. Sir Alan Gardiner, Egypt of the Pharaohs, Oxford University Press, 1961, pp. 112-13.
  3. William C. Hayes, in The Cambridge Ancient History, vol 1, part 2, 1971 (2008), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-077915, p. 996.
  4. Lepsius, Karl (1859). Denkmaler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien. pp. 115h.
  5. Breasted, James (1906). Ancient Records of Egypt (PDF). Vol. 1. The University of Chicago Press. p. 175.
  6. Gauthier, Henri (1907). MIFAO 17 Le livre des rois d'Egypte Des origines à la fin de la XIIe dynastie. The French Institute of Oriental Archeology. pp. 143–144.
  7. Couyat, Jean; Montet, Pierre (1912). MIFAO 34 Les inscriptions hieroglyphiques et hieratiques du Ouâdi Hammâmât. The French Institute of Oriental Archeology. pp. 103-104 pl. XXXIX.
  8. Baker, Darrell (2008). The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs. Predynastic to the Twentieth Century: 3300-1069 BC. Vol. 1. Stacey International. p. 133. ISBN 978-1905299379.


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