956 Elisa

956 Elisa (prov. designation: A921 PE or 1921 JW) is a Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10.5 kilometers (6.5 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 8 August 1921, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory.[1] The V-type asteroid has a rotation period of 16.5 hours. It was named after Elisa Reinmuth, mother of the discoverer.[4]

956 Elisa
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date8 August 1921
Designations
(956) Elisa
PronunciationGerman: [ɛˈliːzaː][2]
English: /ɪˈlaɪsə/[3]
Named after
Elisa Reinmuth
(discoverer's mother)[4]
A921 PE · 1959 NB
1921 JW
main-belt [1][5] · (inner)
Flora [6]
Orbital characteristics [5]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc98.41 yr (35,943 d)
Aphelion2.7686 AU
Perihelion1.8282 AU
2.2984 AU
Eccentricity0.2046
3.48 yr (1,273 d)
136.20°
0° 16m 58.44s / day
Inclination5.9626°
192.64°
125.36°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
16.492±0.006 h[9][10]
  • 0.142±0.022[8]
  • 0.147±0.022[7]
V (S3OS2)[11]
12.1[1][5]

    Orbit and classification

    When applying the synthetic hierarchical clustering method (HCM) by Nesvorný, Elisa is a member of the Flora family (402), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt.[6][12]: 23  However, according to another HCM-analysis by Milani and Knežević (AstDys), it is a background asteroid as this analysis does not recognize the Flora asteroid clan.[13]

    Elisa orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.8–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 6 months (1,273 days; semi-major axis of 2.3 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic.[5] The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg Observatory on 9 August 1921, the night after its official discovery observation.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after Elisa Reinmuth, mother of the discoverer Karl Reinmuth. The naming was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 92).[4]

    Physical characteristics

    In both the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), Elisa is a V-type asteroid.[6][11] These asteroids are also called "Vestoids", thought to have originates from an ejecting impact event on 4 Vesta.[14][15]

    Rotation period

    In July 2008, a rotational lightcurve of Elisa was obtained from photometric observations by Matthieu Conjat at Nice Observatory in France. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 16.492±0.006 hours with a brightness variation of 0.36±0.02 magnitude (U=3).[9][10] During the same opposition, Vladimir Benishek at Belgrade Observatory (057) and Lucy Lim with the Spitzer-team determined a period for this asteroid of 16.5075±0.0007 and 16.494±0.001 hours with an amplitude of 0.37±0.02 and 0.35±0.02 magnitude, respectively (U=3/3–).[8][16]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and the Spitzer Space Telescope, Elisa measures 10.474±0.208 and 10.6±0.5 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.147±0.022 and 0.142±0.022, respectively.[7][8] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a Flora asteroid of 0.24 and calculates a diameter of 10.31 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.1.[9] The WISE team has also published two smaller mean-diameters of 8.02±1.09 km and 8.40±0.67 km with higher albedos of 0.41±0.21 and 0.362±0.071.[6][9]

    References
    1. "956 Elisa (A921 PE)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
    2. (German Names)
    3. Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
    4. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(956) Elisa". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 84. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_957. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    5. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 956 Elisa (A921 PE)" (2020-01-05 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
    6. "Asteroid 956 Elisa". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
    7. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv:1109.4096. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...68M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
    8. Lim, Lucy F.; Emery, Joshua P.; Moskovitz, Nicholas A. (June 2011). "Mineralogy and thermal properties of V-type Asteroid 956 Elisa: Evidence for diogenitic material from the Spitzer IRS (5-35 μm) spectrum" (PDF). Icarus. 213 (2): 510–523. Bibcode:2011Icar..213..510L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.12.006.
    9. "LCDB Data for (956) Elisa". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 14 February 2020.
    10. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (956) Elisa". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
    11. Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004). "S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids" (PDF). Icarus. 172 (1): 179–220. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..179L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
    12. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families". Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.
    13. "Asteroid 956 Elisa – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
    14. M. Florczak; D. Lazarro & R. Duffard (2002). "Discovering New V-Type Asteroids in the Vicinity of 4 Vesta". Icarus. 159 (1): 178. Bibcode:2002Icar..159..178F. doi:10.1006/icar.2002.6913.
    15. V. Carruba; et al. (2005). "On the V-type asteroids outside the Vesta family". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 441 (2): 819–829. arXiv:astro-ph/0506656. Bibcode:2005A&A...441..819C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053355.
    16. Benishek, Vladimir; Protitch-Benishek, Vojislava (April 2009). "CCD Photometry of Asteroids at the Belgrade Astronomical Observatory: 2008 January-September" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 36 (2): 35–37. Bibcode:2009MPBu...36...35B. ISSN 1052-8091. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
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