5-Hydroxycytosine

5-Hydroxycytosine is an oxidized form of cytosine that is associated with an increased frequency of C to T transition mutations, with some C to G transversions.[1] It does not distort the DNA molecule and is readily bypassed by replicative DNA polymerases.[2]

5-Hydroxycytosine
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
4-Amino-5-hydroxypyrimidin-2(1H)-one
Other names
4-Amino-5-hydroxypyrimidine-2-one
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
  • InChI=1S/C4H5N3O2/c5-3-2(8)1-6-4(9)7-3/h1,8H,(H3,5,6,7,9) COPY
    Key: NLLCDONDZDHLCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • c1c(c([nH]c(=O)n1)N)O
Properties
C4H5N3O2
Molar mass 127.103 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

It has been shown in vitro to miscode for adenine.

5-hydroxycytosine is imperative for parallel DNA triplex formation, explaining why parallel triplexes form only at pH 6 and below.

References
  1. Zahn KE; Averill A; Wallace SS; Doublié S (2011). "The miscoding potential of 5-hydroxycytosine arises due to template instability in the replicative polymerase active site". Biochemistry. 50 (47): 10350–10358. doi:10.1021/bi201219s. PMC 3280588. PMID 22026756.
  2. Helmut Greim; Richard J. Albertini (2012). The Cellular Response to the Genotoxic Insult: The Question of Threshold for Genotoxic Carcinogens. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 119. ISBN 9781849731775. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
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