4-aminobutyrate—pyruvate transaminase

4-aminobutyrate---pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.96, aminobutyrate aminotransferase, gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransaminase, gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase, gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase, gamma-aminobutyric acid pyruvate transaminase, gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase, gamma-aminobutyric transaminase, 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, 4-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase, aminobutyrate transaminase, GABA aminotransferase, GABA transaminase, GABA transferase, POP2 (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 4-aminobutanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase.[1][2][3][4] This enzyme is a type of GABA transaminase, which degrades the neurotransmitter GABA. The enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

(1) 4-aminobutanoate + pyruvate succinate semialdehyde + L-alanine
(2) 4-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate succinate semialdehyde + glycine
4-aminobutyrate---pyruvate transaminase
Identifiers
EC no.2.6.1.96
Databases
IntEnzIntEnz view
BRENDABRENDA entry
ExPASyNiceZyme view
KEGGKEGG entry
MetaCycmetabolic pathway
PRIAMprofile
PDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Search
PMCarticles
PubMedarticles
NCBIproteins

This enzyme requires pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.

Clinical significance

Phenylethylidenehydrazine, the active metabolite of phenelzine, inhibits gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase and subsequently increases GABA concentrations in the central nervous system. This may contribute to the notable anxiolytic effects of phenelzine.[5]

References
  1. Van Cauwenberghe, O.R.; Shelp, B.J. (1999). "Biochemical characterization of partially purified gaba:pyruvate transaminase from Nicotiana tabacum". Phytochemistry. 52: 575–581. doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(99)00301-5.
  2. Palanivelu R, Brass L, Edlund AF, Preuss D (July 2003). "Pollen tube growth and guidance is regulated by POP2, an Arabidopsis gene that controls GABA levels". Cell. 114 (1): 47–59. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00479-3. PMID 12859897.
  3. Clark SM, Di Leo R, Dhanoa PK, Van Cauwenberghe OR, Mullen RT, Shelp BJ (2009). "Biochemical characterization, mitochondrial localization, expression, and potential functions for an Arabidopsis gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase that utilizes both pyruvate and glyoxylate". Journal of Experimental Botany. 60 (6): 1743–57. doi:10.1093/jxb/erp044. PMC 2671622. PMID 19264755.
  4. Clark SM, Di Leo R, Van Cauwenberghe OR, Mullen RT, Shelp BJ (2009). "Subcellular localization and expression of multiple tomato gamma-aminobutyrate transaminases that utilize both pyruvate and glyoxylate". Journal of Experimental Botany. 60 (11): 3255–67. doi:10.1093/jxb/erp161. PMC 2718222. PMID 19470656.
  5. McKenna KF, McManus DJ, Baker GB, Coutts RT (1994). "Chronic administration of the antidepressant phenelzine and its N-acetyl analogue: effects on GABAergic function". Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementum. 41: 115–22. doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-9324-2_15. ISBN 978-3-211-82521-1. PMID 7931216.
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