3201 Sijthoff

3201 Sijthoff, provisional designation 6560 P-L, is a background or Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) in diameter. It was discovered during the Palomar–Leiden survey on 24 September 1960, by Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, and Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The assumed S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 4.607 hours. It was named after Dutch publisher and popularizer of astronomy, Albert Georg Sijthoff.[1][5]

3201 Sijthoff
Discovery [1]
Discovered byC. J. van Houten
I. van Houten-G.
T. Gehrels
Discovery sitePalomar Obs.
Discovery date24 September 1960
Designations
(3201) Sijthoff
Named after
Albert Georg Sijthoff [1]
(Dutch publisher)
6560 P-L · 1969 FE
1979 DP
main-belt [1][2] · (inner)
background [3][4] · Flora [5]
Orbital characteristics [2]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc62.45 yr (22,809 d)
Aphelion2.4553 AU
Perihelion2.0605 AU
2.2579 AU
Eccentricity0.0874
3.39 yr (1,239 d)
179.37°
0° 17m 25.8s / day
Inclination2.9903°
109.47°
53.275°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
5.030±0.053 km[6]
5.205±0.042 km[7]
5.41 km (calculated)[5]
4.607±0.0016 h[8]
0.2164±0.0355[7]
0.231±0.047[6]
0.24 (assumed)[5]
S (assumed)[5]
13.5[2][5]
13.62±0.41[9]
13.7[7]
14.158±0.004 (S)[8]

    Orbit and classification

    Sijthoff is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[3][4] Based on osculating Keplerian orbital elements, the asteroid has also been classified as a member of the Flora family (402), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt.[5]

    It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 2.1–2.5 AU once every 3 years and 5 months (1,239 days; semi-major axis of 2.26 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.[2] The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at Palomar in December 1954, nearly 6 years prior to its official discovery observation.[1]

    Palomar–Leiden survey

    The survey designation "P-L" stands for Palomar–Leiden, named after Palomar Observatory and Leiden Observatory, which collaborated on the fruitful Palomar–Leiden survey in the 1960s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio are credited with the discovery of several thousand asteroid discoveries.[10]

    Physical characteristics

    Sijthoff is an assumed S-type asteroid, according to its classification to the Flora family.[5]

    Rotation period

    In October 2011, a rotational lightcurve of Sijthoff was obtained from photometric observations in the S-band by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 4.607 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.29 magnitude (U=2).[5][8]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Sijthoff measures between 5.030 and 5.205 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.2164 and 0.231.[6][7] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the parent body of the Flora family – and calculates a diameter of 5.41 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 13.5.[5]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after Albert Georg Sijthoff, publisher of the independent newspaper Haagsche Courant, who promoted the popularization of astronomy in the Netherlands.[1] The Sijthoff family backed the 1934 construction of the "Sijthoff Planetarium" in the Hague which burned down in 1975 and was replaced by the Omniversum.[11] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 5 November 1987 (M.P.C. 12458).[12]

    References
    1. "3201 Sijthoff (6560 P-L)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
    2. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3201 Sijthoff (6560 P-L)" (2017-06-03 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
    3. "Small Bodies Data Ferret". Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
    4. "Asteroid 3201 Sijthoff – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
    5. "LCDB Data for (3201) Sijthoff". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 2 May 2018.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. S2CID 119293330.
    7. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. S2CID 35447010. (catalog)
    8. Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv:1504.04041. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...75W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. S2CID 8342929.
    9. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. S2CID 53493339.
    10. "Minor Planet Discoverers". Minor Planet Center. 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
    11. "Geschiedenis" (PDF). Omniversum event locatie van formaat (in Dutch). Omniversum. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
    12. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2 May 2018.

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