3199 Nefertiti

3199 Nefertiti (/nɛfərˈtiːti/ nef-ər-TEE-tee), provisional designation 1982 RA, is a rare-type asteroid, classified as near-Earth object of the Amor group of asteroids, approximately 2.2 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 13 September 1982, by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at Palomar Observatory, California, United States.[3]

3199 Nefertiti
Discovery [1]
Discovered byC. Shoemaker
E. Shoemaker
Discovery sitePalomar Obs.
Discovery date13 September 1982
Designations
(3199) Nefertiti
Pronunciation/nɛfərˈtiːti/ nef-ər-TEE-tee
Named after
Nefertiti (Egyptian queen)[2]
1982 RA
Amor · NEO [1][3]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc34.71 yr (12,678 days)
Aphelion2.0219 AU
Perihelion1.1272 AU
1.5745 AU
Eccentricity0.2841
1.98 yr (722 days)
221.90°
0° 29m 56.04s / day
Inclination32.962°
340.01°
53.411°
Earth MOID0.2157 AU · 84 LD
Physical characteristics
Dimensions2.18 km (derived)[4]
2.2 km (Gehrels)[1]
2.82 h[5]
3.01 h[6]
3.020167 h[7]
3.021 h[8]
3.021±0.002 h[9]
0.326 (derived)[4]
0.42 (Gehrels)[1]
B–V = 0.895[1]
U–B = 0.418[1]
S (Tholen), [1] · Sq (SMASS) [1] · K [10] · Q [11] · S [12][4]
14.00[12] · 14.84[1] · 15.02[5] · 15.12±0.50[11] · 15.13[8] · 15.14[4][6]

    Orbit and classification

    Nefertiti orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.1–2.0 AU once every 1 years and 12 months (722 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.28 and an inclination of 33° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

    It has an Earth minimum orbital intersection distance of 0.2157 AU (32,300,000 km), or 84 lunar distances. As no precoveries were taken, and no prior identifications were made, the body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Palomar in 1982.[3]

    Physical characteristics

    Spectral type

    In the Tholen and SMASS taxonomy, Nefertiti is a stony S-type and transitional Sq-type, respectively. In addition, its spectral type is also that of a bright and rare K and Q type, according to Spitzer and PanSTARRS.[10][11] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.326 and a diameter of 2.18 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 15.14.[4]

    Rotation period

    Several rotational lightcurves of Nefertiti have been obtained from photometric observations. In descending order of quality, rotation periods were derived by Czech astronomer Petr Pravec in the 1990s (3.021 hours; Δ0.30 mag; U=3),[8] at the Italian Padova and Catania observatories in February 2003 (3.021 hours; Δ0.19 mag; U=3-),[9] by Polish astronomer Wiesław Z. Wiśniewski in the 1980s (2.82 hours; Δ0.12 mag; U=2),[5] by Finnish physicist Mikko Kaasalainen (3.020167 hours; Δmag n.a.; U=n.a.),[7] and by Harris at JPL/Caltech in the 1980s (3.01 hours; Δ0.1 mag; U=n.a.).[6]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named for the ancient Egyptian queen Nefertiti (ca. 1370–1330 BC), mother-in-law of pharaoh Tutankhamun and Chief King's Wife of Akhenaten of the 18th dynasty. Nefertiti and her "heretic" husband are believed to be responsible for a religious revolution, creating a new monotheistic religion, in which they only worshiped the sun disc god Aten.[2] Another minor planet, 1068 Nofretete is also named for her, using a different spelling. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 27 December 1985 (M.P.C. 10311).[13]

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3199 Nefertiti (1982 RA)" (2017-05-30 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(3199) Nefertiti". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (3199) Nefertiti. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 265. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_3200. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "3199 Nefertiti (1982 RA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
    4. "LCDB Data for (3199) Nefertiti". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 9 January 2017.
    5. Wisniewski, W. Z. (June 1987). "Photometry of six radar target asteroids". Icarus. 70 (3): 566–572. Bibcode:1987Icar...70..566W. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90096-0. ISSN 0019-1035. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
    6. Harris, A. W.; Young, J. W. (June 1985). "Photometric Results for Earth Approaching Asteroids". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 17: 726. Bibcode:1985BAAS...17R.726H. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
    7. Kaasalainen, Mikko; Pravec, Petr; Krugly, Yurij N.; Sarounová, Lenka; Torppa, Johanna; Virtanen, Jenni; et al. (January 2004). "Photometry and models of eight near-Earth asteroids". Icarus. 167 (1): 178–196. Bibcode:2004Icar..167..178K. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2003.09.012. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
    8. Pravec, P.; Wolf, M.; Sarounová, L.; Mottola, S.; Erickson, A.; Hahn, G.; et al. (December 1997). "The Near-Earth Objects Follow-Up Program". Icarus. 130 (2): 275–286. Bibcode:1997Icar..130..275P. doi:10.1006/icar.1997.5816. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
    9. Gandolfi, D.; Cigna, M.; Fulvio, D.; Blanco, C. (January 2009). "CCD and photon-counting photometric observations of asteroids carried out at Padova and Catania observatories". Planetary and Space Science. 57 (1): 1–9. arXiv:0810.1560. Bibcode:2009P&SS...57....1G. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2008.09.014. S2CID 18929245. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
    10. Thomas, Cristina A.; Emery, Joshua P.; Trilling, David E.; Delbó, Marco; Hora, Joseph L.; Mueller, Michael (January 2014). "Physical characterization of Warm Spitzer-observed near-Earth objects". Icarus. 228: 217–246. arXiv:1310.2000. Bibcode:2014Icar..228..217T. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.10.004. hdl:2060/20140012047. S2CID 119278697. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
    11. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. S2CID 53493339. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
    12. Carry, B.; Solano, E.; Eggl, S.; DeMeo, F. E. (April 2016). "Spectral properties of near-Earth and Mars-crossing asteroids using Sloan photometry". Icarus. 268: 340–354. arXiv:1601.02087. Bibcode:2016Icar..268..340C. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.12.047. S2CID 119258489. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
    13. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
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