2023–24 AFC Champions League

The 2023–24 AFC Champions League is the 42nd edition of Asia's premier club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the 21st and final under the current AFC Champions League title, as the competition will be rebranded as the AFC Champions League Elite starting in 2024–25.

2023–24 AFC Champions League
Tournament details
DatesQualifying:
15–22 August 2023
Competition proper:
18 September 2023 – 18 May 2024
TeamsCompetition proper: 40 (from 20 associations)
Total (maximum): 53 (from 23 associations)
Tournament statistics
Matches played59
Goals scored183 (3.1 per match)
Attendance445,813 (7,556 per match)
Top scorer(s)Serbia Aleksandar Mitrović
(4 goals)

This season is the first to have an inter-year schedule from September (autumn-to-spring) instead of an intra-year schedule (spring-to-autumn) since the 2002–03 season.[1] This edition sees an increase in numbers of preliminary players with 35 players able to be registered; teams will be able to field six foreign players in games, where one of these players must still be from another Asian nation.

The tournament winner will qualify for the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup in the United States. Additionally, the winner will enter either the qualifying play-off stage or the League stage of the brand-new 2024–25 AFC Champions League Elite if they have not already qualified through their domestic performance.[2]

Urawa Red Diamonds of Japan are the defending champions, having defeated Al Hilal in the 2022 final.

Association team allocation

The 47 AFC member associations are ranked based on their clubs' performance over the last four years in AFC competitions (their national team's FIFA World Rankings no longer considered).[3] The slots are allocated by the following criteria according to the Entry Manual:[4]

  • The associations are split into two regions (Article 3.1):
  • The top 12 associations in each region can enter the AFC Champions League.
  • In each region, five groups are in the group stage, including 16 direct slots, with the four remaining filled through qualifying play-offs (Article 3.2). The slots in each region are distributed as follows:[5][6]
    • The associations ranked 1st and 2nd are each allocated three direct slots and one play-off slot.
    • The associations ranked 3rd and 4th are each allocated two direct slots and two play-off slots.
    • The associations ranked 5th are each allocated one direct slot and two play-off slots.
    • The associations ranked 6th are each allocated one direct slot and one play-off slot.
    • The associations ranked 7th to 10th are each allocated one direct slot.
    • The associations ranked 11th and 12th are each allocated one play-off slot.
  • The AFC Champions League title holders and AFC Cup title holders are each allocated one play-off slot should they not qualify for the tournament through domestic performance (Article 3.6). The following rules are applied:
    • If the AFC Champions League title holders or AFC Cup title holders are from associations ranked 1st to 6th, their association is allocated the same number of play-off slots, and they replace the lowest-seeded team from their association. Otherwise, their association is allocated one additional play-off slot, and they do not replace any team from their association (Articles 3.8, 3.9, and 3.10).
    • If both the AFC Champions League title holders and AFC Cup title holders are from the same association, which is allocated only one play-off slot, their association is allocated one additional play-off slot, and only the lowest-seeded team from their association is replaced as a result (Article 3.11).
    • The AFC Champions League and AFC Cup title holders are the lowest-seeded teams in the qualifying play-offs if they do not replace any team from their association (Article 3.12).
  • If any association ranked 1st to 6th does not fulfill the AFC Champions League criteria, they have all their direct slots converted into play-off slots. The direct slots given up are redistributed to the highest eligible association by the following criteria (Articles 3.13 and 3.14):
    • For each association, the maximum number of total slots is four, and the maximum number of direct slots is three (Articles 3.4 and 3.5).
    • If any association ranked 3rd to 6th is allocated one additional direct slot, one play-off slot is annulled and not redistributed.
    • If any association ranked 5th to 6th is allocated two additional direct slots, one play-off slot is annulled and not redistributed.
  • If any association ranked 7th to 10th does not fulfill the AFC Champions League criteria, they have their direct slot converted into a playoff slot. The direct slot given up is redistributed to the next association ranked 11th or 12th, whose play-off slot is annulled and not redistributed, or if neither is eligible, the highest eligible association by the same criteria mentioned above (Articles 3.16 and 3.17).
  • If any association with only play-off slot(s), including any association ranked 11th to 12th or those mentioned above, does not fulfill the minimum AFC Champions League criteria, the play-off slot(s) is annulled and not redistributed (Articles 3.19 and 3.20).
  • The maximum number of total slots for each association is one-third of eligible teams (excluding foreign teams) in the top division (Article 3.4). If this rule is applied, any direct slots given up are redistributed by the same criteria as mentioned above, and play-off slots are annulled and not redistributed (Article 9.10).
  • All participating teams must be granted an AFC Champions League license and, apart from cup winners, finish in the top half of their top division (Articles 7.1 and 9.5). Suppose any association does not have enough teams that satisfy this criterion. In that case, any direct slots given up are redistributed by the abovementioned criteria, and play-off slots are annulled and not redistributed (Article 9.9).
  • If any team granted a license refuses to participate, their direct or play-off slot is annulled and not redistributed (Article 9.11).

Association ranking

For the 2023–24 AFC Champions League, the associations are allocated slots according to their AFC Club Competitions Ranking which was published on 24 November 2021,[7][8][9] which takes into account their performance in the AFC Champions League and the AFC Cup during the period between 2018 and 2021 and their domestic league.[lower-alpha 1]

Participation for 2023–24 AFC Champions League
Participating
Not participating

Teams

In the following table, the number of appearances and last appearance count only those since the 2002–03 season (including qualifying rounds), when the competition was rebranded as the AFC Champions League.

Note: Only teams assured of a place are displayed.

Notes
  1. The 2020 season is not included in the overall ranking due to the cancellation of the remaining matches in the 2020 AFC Cup caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
  1. ^
    Iraq (IRQ): The 2022–23 Iraqi Premier League champions Al-Shorta were not granted an AFC Champions League license.[10]
  2. ^
    Uzbekistan (UZB): Nasaf Qarshi, the winner of the 2022 Uzbekistan Cup, was already qualified directly to the group stage. Thus, fourth-placed AGMK qualified for the qualifying play-offs.
  3. ^
    South Korea (KOR): Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors was already qualified as the 2022 K League 1 runners-up when they won the 2022 Korean FA Cup. Thus, third-placed Pohang Steelers qualified directly to the group stage, while the fourth-placed Incheon United qualified for the qualifying play-offs.
  4. ^
    Japan (JPN): Urawa Red Diamonds qualified as the winner of the 2022 AFC Champions League, replacing Sanfrecce Hiroshima (the third-placed team of the 2022 J1 League).
  5. ^
    Singapore (SIN): Albirex Niigata (S), the 2022 Singapore Premier League champions, are a team from Japan and thus ineligible to represent Singapore in AFC club competitions. As a result, Lion City Sailors, the Singapore Premier League runners-up, qualified for the Champions League.
  6. ^
    Thailand (THA): Due to changing the competition date to autumn–spring format, the Thai League has decided to split their 2+2 quota to take 1+1 over the next two seasons. This means that only the winners of the 2021–22 Thai League 1 and the winners of the 2022–23 Thai League 1 will qualify directly for the group stage, while the winners of the 2021–22 Thai FA Cup and the winners of the 2022–23 Thai FA Cup will qualify for the qualifying play-off. As the 2021–22 Thai League 1 champions Buriram United also won the 2021–22 Thai FA Cup, the slot reserved for the cup winners of the 2021–22 season will go to the season's league runners-up BG Pathum United. Since they also won both the 2022–23 Thai League 1 and the 2022–23 Thai FA Cup, the slot reserved for these two spots goes to that season's league runners-up Bangkok United and third-placed team Port.[11]
  7. ^
    Australia (AUS): Due to the change of the competition date to the autumn–spring format, the Australian Professional Leagues modified the criteria for qualification so that the solitary qualifier was whichever of the A-League Men premiers for the 2021–22 or the 2022–23 season accrued the most combined points over both seasons.[12] Melbourne City were premiers for both seasons.
  8. ^
    Hong Kong (HKG): Since the 2022–23 Hong Kong Premier League winners Kitchee already directly qualified for the group stage as the league winners and 2022–23 Hong Kong FA Cup winners, league third-place BC Rangers qualified for the qualifying play-offs.
  9. ^
    Vietnam (VIE): Since the 2022 Vietnamese Cup winners Hanoi already directly qualified for the group stage as the league winners, league runners-up Haiphong qualified for the qualifying play-offs.

Schedule

The schedule of the competition is as follows.[13]

Stage Round Draw date First leg Second leg
Preliminary stage Preliminary round No draw 15–16 August 2023
Play-off stage Play-off round 22 August 2023
Group stage Matchday 1 24 August 2023 18–20 September 2023
Matchday 2 2–4 October 2023
Matchday 3 23–25 October 2023
Matchday 4 6–8 November 2023
Matchday 5 27–29 November 2023
Matchday 6 4–6 & 12–13 December 2023
Knockout stage Round of 16 21 December 2023 12–14 February 2024 19–21 February 2024
Quarter-finals 4–6 March 2024 11–13 March 2024
Semi-finals 16–17 April 2024 23–24 April 2024
Final 11 May 2024 25 May 2024

Qualifying play-offs

Preliminary round

A total of 10 teams played in the preliminary round.

Team 1  Score  Team 2
West Region
Shabab Al-Ahli United Arab Emirates 3–0 Jordan Al-Wehdat
Sharjah United Arab Emirates 2–0 Bangladesh Bashundhara Kings
AGMK Uzbekistan 1–0 Oman Al-Seeb
Team 1  Score  Team 2
East Region
Rangers Hong Kong 1–4 (a.e.t.) Vietnam Haiphong
Lee Man Hong Kong 5–1 Indonesia Bali United

Play-off round

A total of 16 teams played in the play-off round: 11 teams which entered in this round, and 5 winners of the preliminary round.

Team 1  Score  Team 2
West Region
Al-Nassr Saudi Arabia 4–2 United Arab Emirates Shabab Al-Ahli
Tractor Iran 1–3 United Arab Emirates Sharjah
Al-Arabi Qatar 0–1 Uzbekistan AGMK
Al-Wakrah Qatar 0–1 (a.e.t.) Uzbekistan Navbahor
Team 1  Score  Team 2
East Region
Incheon United South Korea 3–1 (a.e.t.) Vietnam Haiphong
Urawa Red Diamonds Japan 3–0 Hong Kong Lee Man
Zhejiang China 1–0 Thailand Port
Shanghai Port China 2–3 Thailand BG Pathum United

Group stage

The draw for the group stage was held on 24 August 2023 at the AFC House in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.[14] The 40 teams were drawn into ten groups of four: five groups each in the West Region (Groups A–E) and the East Region (Groups F–J). For each region, teams were seeded into four pots and drawn into the relevant positions within each group, based on their association ranking and their seeding within their association, in consideration of the technical balance between groups. Teams from the same association could not be drawn into the same group.

Group A

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification AIN PAK FEI AHA
1 United Arab Emirates Al-Ain 3 3 0 0 11 3 +8 9 Advance to Round of 16 28 Nov 4–1 4–2
2 Uzbekistan Pakhtakor 3 1 0 2 3 5 2 3[lower-alpha 1] Possible Round of 16 0–3 5 Dec 3–0
3 Saudi Arabia Al-Fayha 3 1 0 2 3 5 2 3[lower-alpha 1] 7 Nov 2–0 28 Nov
4 Turkmenistan Ahal 3 1 0 2 3 7 4 3[lower-alpha 1] 5 Dec 7 Nov 1–0
Updated to match(es) played on 24 October 2023. Source: AFC
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
Notes:
  1. Head-to-head goal differences: Pakhtakor +1, Al-Fayha +1, Ahal −2. Head-to-head goals scored: Pakhtakor 3, Al-Fayha 2, Ahal 1.

Group B

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification SHJ NAS SAD FAI
1 United Arab Emirates Sharjah 3 2 1 0 2 0 +2 7 Advance to Round of 16 1–0 27 Nov 1–0
2 Uzbekistan Nasaf 3 2 0 1 4 2 +2 6 Possible Round of 16 6 Nov 3–1 27 Nov
3 Qatar Al Sadd 3 1 1 1 7 3 +4 4 0–0 4 Dec 6–0
4 Jordan Al-Faisaly 3 0 0 3 0 8 8 0 4 Dec 0–1 6 Nov
Updated to match(es) played on 23 October 2023. Source: AFC
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers

Group C

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification ITH SEP QWJ AGK
1 Saudi Arabia Al-Ittihad 2 2 0 0 4 0 +4 6 Advance to Round of 16 4 Dec 1–0 3–0
2 Iran Sepahan 2 1 1 0 5 3 +2 4 Possible Round of 16 Cancelled 28 Nov 6 Nov
3 Iraq Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya 3 1 1 1 4 4 0 4 6 Nov 2–2 4 Dec
4 Uzbekistan AGMK 3 0 0 3 2 8 6 0 28 Nov 1–3 1–2
Updated to match(es) played on 23 October 2023. Source: AFC
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers

Group D

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification HIL NAV NAS MUM
1 Saudi Arabia Al-Hilal 3 2 1 0 10 1 +9 7 Advance to Round of 16 1–1 12 Dec 6–0
2 Uzbekistan Navbahor 3 2 1 0 6 2 +4 7 Possible Round of 16 28 Nov 2–1 3–0
3 Iran Nassaji Mazandaran 3 1 0 2 3 5 2 3 0–3 7 Nov 28 Nov
4 India Mumbai City 3 0 0 3 0 11 11 0 7 Nov 12 Dec 0–2
Updated to match(es) played on 23 October 2023. Source: AFC
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers

Group E

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification NSR PRS DUH IST
1 Saudi Arabia Al Nassr 3 3 0 0 9 4 +5 9 Advance to Round of 16 27 Nov 4–3 3–1
2 Iran Persepolis 3 2 0 1 3 2 +1 6 Possible Round of 16 0–2 5 Dec 2–0
3 Qatar Al-Duhail 3 0 1 2 3 5 2 1 7 Nov 0–1 27 Nov
4 Tajikistan Istiklol 3 0 1 2 1 5 4 1 5 Dec 7 Nov 0–0
Updated to match(es) played on 24 October 2023. Source: AFC
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers

Group F

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification UTD JBH LCS KIT
1 Thailand Bangkok United 3 3 0 0 7 4 +3 9 Advance to Round of 16 3–2 29 Nov 8 Nov
2 South Korea Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors 3 2 0 1 7 4 +3 6 Possible Round of 16 13 Dec 3–0 2–1
3 Singapore Lion City Sailors 3 1 0 2 3 6 3 3 1–2 8 Nov 13 Dec
4 Hong Kong Kitchee 3 0 0 3 3 6 3 0 1–2 29 Nov 1–2
Updated to match(es) played on 25 October 2023. Source: AFC
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers

Group G

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification SHT ICN FMA KAY
1 China Shandong Taishan 3 2 0 1 5 2 +3 6[lower-alpha 1] Advance to Round of 16 7 Nov 0–1 28 Nov
2 South Korea Incheon United 3 2 0 1 8 4 +4 6[lower-alpha 1] Possible Round of 16 0–2 28 Nov 4–0
3 Japan Yokohama F. Marinos 3 2 0 1 6 4 +2 6[lower-alpha 1] 12 Dec 2–4 3–0
4 Philippines Kaya–Iloilo 3 0 0 3 1 10 9 0 1–3 12 Dec 7 Nov
Updated to match(es) played on 25 October 2023. Source: AFC
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
Notes:
  1. Head-to-head goal differences: Shandong Taishan +1, Incheon United 0, Yokohama F. Marinos −1.

Group H

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification MCY VEN BUR ZHP
1 Australia Melbourne City 3 2 1 0 4 1 +3 7 Advance to Round of 16 0–0 8 Nov 12 Dec
2 Japan Ventforet Kofu 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 Possible Round of 16 29 Nov 1–0 8 Nov
3 Thailand Buriram United 3 1 0 2 4 4 0 3 0–2 12 Dec 4–1
4 China Zhejiang 3 1 0 2 4 6 2 3 1–2 2–0 29 Nov
Updated to match(es) played on 25 October 2023. Source: AFC
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers

Group I

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification KWF UHD JDT BGP
1 Japan Kawasaki Frontale 3 3 0 0 6 2 +4 9 Advance to Round of 16 1–0 28 Nov 7 Nov
2 South Korea Ulsan Hyundai 3 2 0 1 6 3 +3 6 Possible Round of 16 12 Dec 3–1 3–1
3 Malaysia Johor Darul Ta'zim 3 1 0 2 5 6 1 3 0–1 7 Nov 12 Dec
4 Thailand BG Pathum United 3 0 0 3 5 11 6 0 2–4 28 Nov 2–4
Updated to match(es) played on 24 October 2023. Source: AFC
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers

Group J

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification POH RED WTT HAN
1 South Korea Pohang Steelers 3 3 0 0 9 3 +6 9 Advance to Round of 16 7 Nov 3–1 28 Nov
2 Japan Urawa Red Diamonds 3 1 1 1 8 4 +4 4 Possible Round of 16 0–2 28 Nov 6–0
3 China Wuhan Three Towns 3 1 1 1 5 6 1 4 6 Dec 2–2 2–1
4 Vietnam Hanoi FC 3 0 0 3 3 12 9 0 2–4 6 Dec 7 Nov
Updated to match(es) played on 24 October 2023. Source: AFC
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers

West Region

Pos Grp Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1 D Uzbekistan Navbahor 3 2 1 0 6 2 +4 7 Round of 16
2 B Uzbekistan Nasaf 3 2 0 1 4 2 +2 6
3 E Iran Persepolis 3 2 0 1 3 2 +1 6
4 C Iran Sepahan 2 1 1 0 5 3 +2 4
5 A Uzbekistan Pakhtakor 3 1 0 2 3 5 2 3
Updated to match(es) played on 24 October 2023. Source: AFC

East Region

Pos Grp Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1 G South Korea Incheon United 3 2 0 1 8 4 +4 6 Round of 16
2 F South Korea Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors 3 2 0 1 7 4 +3 6
3 I South Korea Ulsan Hyundai 3 2 0 1 6 3 +3 6
4 J Japan Urawa Red Diamonds 3 1 1 1 8 4 +4 4
5 H Japan Ventforet Kofu 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 4
Updated to match(es) played on 25 October 2023. Source: AFC

Top scorers

  Team eliminated for this round.
  Player is not in the team but the team is still active for this round.
RankPlayerTeam MD1MD2MD3MD4MD5MD6R16-1R16-2QF1QF2SF1SF2F1F2Total
1 Serbia Aleksandar Mitrović Saudi Arabia Al Hilal 13 4
2 Hungary Martin Ádám South Korea Ulsan Hyundai 3 3
Togo Kodjo Fo-Doh Laba United Arab Emirates Al Ain 21
Brazil Hernandes Rodrigues South Korea Incheon United 21
Iraq Ali Jasim Iraq Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya 21
Algeria Baghdad Bounedjah Qatar Al Sadd 3
Brazil Victor Cardozo Thailand BG Pathum United 21
Brazil Talisca Saudi Arabia Al Nassr 21
Portugal Cristiano Ronaldo Saudi Arabia Al Nassr 12
9 Brazil Romarinho Saudi Arabia Al-Ittihad 2 2
Serbia Goran Čaušić Thailand Buriram United 2
South Korea Kim In-sung South Korea Pohang Steelers 2
Cameroon Diederrick Joel Tagueu Vietnam Hanoi FC 2
Turkmenistan Elman Tagayev Turkmenistan Ahal FK 11
Brazil Léo Souza China Zhejiang 11
Spain José Kanté Japan Urawa Red Diamonds 11
Malaysia Arif Aiman Malaysia Johor Darul Ta'zim 2
Uzbekistan Azizbek Amonov Uzbekistan Nasaf 2
Montenegro Stefan Mugoša South Korea Incheon United 2
Brazil Zeca South Korea Pohang Steelers 2
Morocco Abdelhamid Sabiri Saudi Arabia Al-Fayha FC 2
Iran Mohammad Reza Azadi Iran Nassaji Mazandaran 11
Iran Ramin Rezaeian Iran Sepahan 2
Brazil Bergson Malaysia Johor Darul Ta'zim 1 1
Sweden Gustav Ludwigson South Korea Ulsan Hyundai 2
Japan Kento Tachibanada Japan Kawasaki Frontale 1 1
Brazil Marcinho Japan Kawasaki Frontale 1 1
Uzbekistan Azizbek Turgunboev Uzbekistan Pakhtakor 2
Iran Saeid Sadeghi Iran Persepolis 2
United Arab Emirates Kouame Autonne United Arab Emirates Al Ain 1 1
Paraguay Kaku United Arab Emirates Al Ain 2
Morocco Soufiane Rahimi United Arab Emirates Al Ain 1 1
South Korea Moon Seon-min South Korea Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors 1 1
Japan Kota Mizunuma Japan Yokohama F. Marinos 1 1
Brazil Crysan China Shandong Taishan 1 1
Austria Jakob Jantscher Hong Kong Kitchee 1 1
Thailand Rungrath Poomchantuek Thailand Bangkok United 1 1
Brazil Willen Thailand Bangkok United 1 1

Note: Goals scored in the qualifying play-offs and matches voided by AFC are not counted when determining top scorer (Regulations Article 64.4).

See also

2024–25 competitions

References

  1. "AFC Executive Committee unveils dynamic enhancements to the AFC Club Competitions". the-AFC.com. Asian Football Confederation. 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  2. "More Member Associations to benefit from inclusive AFC Champions League". the-afc.com. Asian Football Confederation. 23 November 2019. Archived from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  3. "AFC Club Competitions Ranking Mechanics". the-afc.com. Asian Football Confederation. Archived from the original on 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
  4. "Entry Manual for AFC Club Competitions (2021 Edition)". the-afc.com. Asian Football Confederation. Archived from the original on 2022-01-18. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
  5. "More Member Associations to benefit from inclusive AFC Champions League". the-afc.com. Asian Football Confederation. 23 November 2019. Archived from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  6. "Four Thailand clubs in AFC Champions League 2021; Philippines, Vietnam, Singapore also get group stage entry – Reports". Fox Sports Asia. 4 December 2019. Archived from the original on 6 December 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  7. "Slot allocation for AFC Champions League and AFC Cup 2023 confirmed". AFC. Archived from the original on 2021-12-30. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
  8. "AFC Club Competitions Ranking". the-afc.com. Asian Football Confederation. Archived from the original on 2022-01-07. Retrieved 2021-12-10.
  9. "AFC Country Ranking 2021". FootyRankings. 24 November 2021. Archived from the original on 2 September 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  10. "List of Licensed Clubs for the 2023/24 AFC Champions League" (PDF). the-AFC.com. Asian Football Confederation. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  11. TL Central (21 May 2022). "Thai League decides to split the 2+2 quota to take 1+1 over the next two seasons". Twitter. Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  12. "A big AFC change has sparked a new A-Leagues table scramble: How it works". Australian Professional Leagues. 30 March 2023. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  13. "Asian Football Calendar (Aug 2023 - Jul 2024)". The AFC. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  14. "#ACL: Teams learn the path to glory". www.the-afc.com. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.