2009 World Women's Curling Championship

The 2009 World Women's Curling Championship (branded as 2009 Mount Titlis World Women's Curling Championship for sponsorship reasons) was held in Gangneung, South Korea from March 21 to 29.

2009 World Women's Curling Championship
2009 World Women's Curling Championship
Host cityGangneung, South Korea
ArenaGangneung International Ice Rink
DatesMarch 21–29, 2009
Winner China
Curling clubHarbin CC, Harbin
SkipWang Bingyu
ThirdLiu Yin
SecondYue Qingshuang
LeadZhou Yan
AlternateLiu Jinli
CoachCanada Daniel Rafael
Finalist Sweden (Anette Norberg)
« 2008
2010 »

Qualification

Teams
 Canada  China  Denmark
St. Vital CC, Winnipeg

Skip: Jennifer Jones
Third: Cathy Overton-Clapham
Second: Jill Officer
Lead: Dawn Askin
Alternate: Jennifer Clark-Rouire

 Harbin CC, Harbin

Skip: Wang Bingyu
Third: Liu Yin
Second: Yue Qingshuang
Lead: Zhou Yan
Alternate: Liu Jinli

Tårnby CC, Tårnby

Skip: Angelina Jensen*
Fourth: Madeleine Dupont
Third: Denise Dupont
Lead: Camilla Jensen
Alternate: Ane Hansen
(*Throws second rocks)

 Germany  Italy  South Korea
SC Riessersee, Garmisch-Partenkirchen

Skip: Andrea Schöpp
Third: Monika Wagner
Second: Melanie Robillard
Lead: Stella Heiß
Alternate: Tina Tichatschke

 CC Dolomiti, Cortina d'Ampezzo

Skip: Diana Gaspari
Third: Giorgia Apollonio
Second: Violetta Caldart
Lead: Elettra De Col
Alternate: Claudia Alvera

 Kyung Gido Council, Gyeonggi-do

Skip: Kim Mi-yeon
Third: Shin Mi-sung
Second: Lee Seul-bee
Lead: Lee Hyun-jung
Alternate: Kim Ji-sun

 Norway  Russia  Scotland
Oppdal CK, Oppdal

Skip: Marianne Rørvik
Third: Henriette Løvar
Second: Kristin Skaslien
Lead: Ingrid Stensrud
Alternate: Kristin Tøsse Løvseth

 Moskvitch CC, Moscow

Skip: Ludmila Privivkova
Third: Olga Jarkova
Second: Nkeiruka Ezekh
Lead: Ekaterina Galkina
Alternate: Margarita Fomina

 Dunkeld CC, Perth

Skip: Eve Muirhead
Third: Karen Addison
Second: Rachael Simms
Lead: Anne Laird
Alternate: Jackie Lockhart

 Sweden   Switzerland  United States
Härnösands CK, Härnösand

Skip: Anette Norberg
Third: Eva Lund
Second: Cathrine Lindahl
Lead: Margaretha Sigfridsson
Alternate: Kajsa Bergström

 Davos CC, Davos

Skip: Mirjam Ott
Third: Carmen Schäfer
Second: Valeria Spälty
Lead: Janine Greiner
Alternate: Carmen Küng

 Madison CC, Madison

Skip: Debbie McCormick
Third: Allison Pottinger
Second: Nicole Joraanstad
Lead: Natalie Nicholson
Alternate: Tracy Sachtjen

Round robin standings
Country Skip W L PF PA Ends
Won		 Ends
Lost		 Blank
Ends		 Stolen
Ends		 Shot
Pct.
 China Wang Bingyu 10181535138111981%
 Denmark Angelina Jensen 9278554940131280%
 Canada Jennifer Jones 928860504471384%
 Sweden Anette Norberg 7479654745111380%
  Switzerland Mirjam Ott 657970514872079%
 Germany Andrea Schöpp 6573605143111877%
 Russia Ludmila Privivkova 566274415211779%
 Scotland Eve Muirhead 5662644240181180%
 United States Debbie McCormick 476778474831379%
 South Korea Kim Mi-yeon 3859734147111373%
 Norway Marianne Rørvik 1105291395011773%
 Italy Diana Gaspari 1104785355013573%

Round robin results

All times local (UTC +9 or Korean Standard Time)

Draw 1

March 21, 2009

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Norway (Rørvik) (has hammer) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 X X 2
 Denmark (Jensen) 0 2 0 0 2 0 3 3 X X 10
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Italy (Gaspari) (has hammer) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2
 Sweden (Norberg) 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 2 0 7
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 South Korea (Kim) 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 4
 Scotland (Muirhead) (has hammer) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 0 6
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
  Switzerland (Ott) 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 7
 Germany (Schöpp) (has hammer) 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 5

Draw 2

March 21, 2009

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Scotland (Muirhead) (has hammer) 1 3 0 4 3 0 X X X X 11
 Italy (Gaspari) 0 0 1 0 0 1 X X X X 2
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Canada (Jones) (has hammer) 1 0 3 1 0 2 1 0 3 X 11
 China (Wang) 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 X 5
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Russia (Privivkova) (has hammer) 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 1 1 0 7
 United States (McCormick) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 5
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Final
 South Korea (Kim) 1 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 0 8
 Sweden (Norberg) (has hammer) 0 0 2 0 3 0 1 0 2 0 0 2 10

Draw 3

March 22, 2009

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Germany (Schöpp) (has hammer) 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 5
 Norway (Rørvik) 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 3
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
  Switzerland (Ott) (has hammer) 2 2 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 8
 Denmark (Jensen) 0 0 2 0 2 1 1 0 2 1 9

Draw 4

March 22, 2009

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 China (Wang) 0 1 1 0 4 0 2 1 X X 9
 Russia (Privivkova) (has hammer) 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 X X 3
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Sweden (Norberg) (has hammer) 1 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 1 0 8
 Scotland (Muirhead) 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 5
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Italy (Gaspari) (has hammer) 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 4
 South Korea (Kim) 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 6
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Canada (Jones) (has hammer) 2 0 1 0 2 0 3 2 X X 10
 United States (McCormick) 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 X X 3

Draw 5

March 22, 2009

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Denmark (Jensen) (has hammer) 1 3 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 7
 Germany (Schöpp) 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 6
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Russia (Privivkova) 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 5
 Canada (Jones) (has hammer) 2 0 1 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 8
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 United States (McCormick) (has hammer) 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 X 4
 China (Wang) 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 2 X 8
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Norway (Rørvik) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 6
  Switzerland (Ott) (has hammer) 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 1 8

Draw 6

March 23, 2009

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
  Switzerland (Ott) (has hammer) 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 2 0 1 7
 South Korea (Kim) 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 2 0 6
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Germany (Schöpp) (has hammer) 0 2 1 1 1 0 3 X X X 8
 Italy (Gaspari) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 X X X 1
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Norway (Rørvik) (has hammer) 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 7
 Scotland (Muirhead) 0 0 2 1 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 8
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Denmark (Jensen) (has hammer) 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 7
 Sweden (Norberg) 1 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 6

Draw 7

March 23, 2009

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Italy (Gaspari) (has hammer) 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 4 0 0 9
 United States (McCormick) 0 1 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 6
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 South Korea (Kim) 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 6
 China (Wang) (has hammer) 3 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 7
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Sweden (Norberg) 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 3 2 X 9
 Russia (Privivkova) (has hammer) 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 X 3
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Scotland (Muirhead) (has hammer) 0 1 0 1 0 1 X X X X 3
 Canada (Jones) 3 0 1 0 5 0 X X X X 9

Draw 8

March 23, 2009

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Canada (Jones) (has hammer) 1 0 2 0 2 0 0 3 0 X 8
 Norway (Rørvik) 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 X 5
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Russia (Privivkova) (has hammer) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 X 4
 Denmark (Jensen) 0 2 0 1 0 3 0 0 1 X 7
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 China (Wang) (has hammer) 2 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 1 8
  Switzerland (Ott) 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 7
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 United States (McCormick) 0 1 1 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 7
 Germany (Schöpp) (has hammer) 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 6

Draw 9

March 24, 2009

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 China (Wang) (has hammer) 2 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 8
 Denmark (Jensen) 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 5
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 United States (McCormick) (has hammer) 2 3 0 1 0 2 0 0 4 X 12
 Norway (Rørvik) 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 2 0 X 7
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Canada (Jones) (has hammer) 1 0 3 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 8
 Germany (Schöpp) 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 2 1 7
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Russia (Privivkova) 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 4
  Switzerland (Ott) (has hammer) 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 8

Draw 10

March 24, 2009

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Germany (Schöpp) (has hammer) 2 1 0 4 1 1 1 X X X 10
 Sweden (Norberg) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 X X X 1
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
  Switzerland (Ott) 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 5
 Scotland (Muirhead) (has hammer) 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 1 7
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Denmark (Jensen) (has hammer) 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 X 7
 Italy (Gaspari) 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 X 4
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Norway (Rørvik) 0 2 0 3 1 0 1 0 0 1 8
 South Korea (Kim) (has hammer) 3 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 9

Draw 11

March 24, 2009

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Scotland (Muirhead) (has hammer) 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 X 4
 Russia (Fomina) 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 2 X 6
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 South Korea (Kim) 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 X X 2
 United States (McCormick) (has hammer) 1 2 1 0 2 1 1 1 X X 9
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Sweden (Norberg) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 7
 Canada (Jones) (has hammer) 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 4
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Italy (Gaspari) 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 X X 3
 China (Wang) (has hammer) 2 0 2 0 0 3 1 1 X X 9

Draw 12

March 25, 2009

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 South Korea (Kim) (has hammer) 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 6
 Canada (Jones) 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 7
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Italy (Gaspari) (has hammer) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 6
 Russia (Fomina) 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 2 1 7
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Scotland (Muirhead) (has hammer) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 3
 China (Wang) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 4
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Sweden (Norberg) 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 X 5
 United States (McCormick) (has hammer) 1 0 2 0 3 1 0 0 3 X 10

Draw 13

March 25, 2009

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 United States (McCormick) (has hammer) 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 X X X 2
  Switzerland (Ott) 0 2 2 1 1 2 0 X X X 8
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 China (Wang) 1 0 0 2 0 3 1 1 X X 8
 Germany (Schöpp) (has hammer) 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 X X 2
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Russia (Fomina) (has hammer) 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 2 X X 7
 Norway (Rørvik) 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 X X 2
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Canada (Jones) (has hammer) 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 5
 Denmark (Jensen) 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 2 7

Draw 14

March 25, 2009

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Norway (Rørvik) 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 2 0 1 8
 Italy (Gaspari) (has hammer) 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 6
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Denmark (Jensen) (has hammer) 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 X 4
 South Korea (Kim) 0 4 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 X 7
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
  Switzerland (Ott) 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 6
 Sweden (Norberg) (has hammer) 3 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 8
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Germany (Schöpp) (has hammer) 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 7
 Scotland (Muirhead) 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 6

Draw 15

March 26, 2009 1000

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Sweden (Norberg) 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 X 7
 China (Wang) (has hammer) 3 0 0 0 2 2 0 1 0 X 8
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Scotland (Muirhead) (has hammer) 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 7
 United States (McCormick) 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 6
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Italy (Gaspari) 0 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 X 5
 Canada (Jones) (has hammer) 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 X 8
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 South Korea (Kim) 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 3 2 0 8
 Russia (Fomina) (has hammer) 0 1 0 3 3 0 2 0 0 1 10

Draw 16

March 26, 2009 1500

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Denmark (Jensen) (has hammer) 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 2 X X 6
 Scotland (Muirhead) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 X X 2
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Norway (Rørvik) (has hammer) 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 X X X 2
 Sweden (Norberg) 0 2 0 3 1 0 5 X X X 11
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Germany (Schöpp) 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 2 9
 South Korea (Kim) (has hammer) 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 6
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
  Switzerland (Ott) 2 1 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 X 8
 Italy (Gaspari) (has hammer) 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 X 5

Draw 17

March 26, 2009 2000

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Russia (Fomina) (has hammer) 1 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 6
 Germany (Schöpp) 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 3 8
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Canada (Jones) (has hammer) 3 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 2 10
  Switzerland (Ott) 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 1 0 7
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 United States (McCormick) (has hammer) 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 X X 3
 Denmark (Jensen) 0 0 3 0 1 0 2 3 X X 9
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 China (Wang) (has hammer) 0 1 0 3 1 1 1 0 X X 7
 Norway (Rørvik) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 X X 2

Playoffs
Page playoff systemSemifinalGold Medal Game
1 China61 China8
2 Denmark34 Sweden6
2 Denmark6
4 Sweden7
3 Canada4
4 Sweden5
Bronze Medal Game
   
2  Denmark 7
3  Canada 6

1 vs. 2

March 27, 2009 2000

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 China (Wang) (has hammer) 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 1 6
 Denmark (Jensen) 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 3
Player Percentages
 China  Denmark
Zhou Yan78%Camilla Jensen89%
Yue Qingshuang88%Angelina Jensen84%
Liu Yin89%Denise Dupont84%
Wang Bingyu88%Madeleine Dupont74%
Total85%Total83%

3 vs. 4

March 28, 2009 1400

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Canada (Jones) (has hammer) 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 4
 Sweden (Norberg) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 5
Player Percentages
 Canada  Sweden
Dawn Askin82%Margaretha Sigfridsson80%
Jill Officer84%Cathrine Lindahl91%
Cathy Overton-Clapham75%Eva Lund84%
Jennifer Jones86%Anette Norberg83%
Total82%Total84%

Semifinal

March 28, 2009 1900

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Denmark (Jensen) (has hammer) 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 6
 Sweden (Norberg) 0 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 7
Player Percentages
 Denmark  Sweden
Camilla Jensen84%Margaretha Sigfridsson75%
Angelina Jensen70%Cathrine Lindahl74%
Denise Dupont76%Eva Lund74%
Madeleine Dupont73%Anette Norberg75%
Total76%Total74%

Bronze medal game

March 29, 2009 1000

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Canada (Jones) 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 6
 Denmark (Jensen) (has hammer) 1 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 0 1 7
Player Percentages
 Canada  Denmark
Dawn Askin93%Camilla Jensen85%
Jill Officer90%Angelina Jensen93%
Cathy Overton-Clapham79%Denise Dupont83%
Jennifer Jones81%Madeleine Dupont85%
Total86%Total86%

Gold medal game

March 29, 2009 1500

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 China (Wang) (has hammer) 1 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 1 8
 Sweden (Norberg) 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 6
Player Percentages
 China  Sweden
Zhou Yan90%Margaretha Sigfridsson88%
Yue Qingshuang81%Cathrine Lindahl85%
Liu Yin81%Eva Lund76%
Wang Bingyu84%Anette Norberg88%
Total84%Total84%
2009 Mount Titlis World Women's Curling Championship Winners
China
China
1st title

Player percentages

Top five percentages per position during the round robin.

Leads  % Seconds  % Thirds  % Skips  %
United States Natalie Nicholson88 Canada Jill Officer83 Sweden Eva Lund83 Canada Jennifer Jones81
Canada Dawn Askin87 United States Nicole Joraanstad83 Canada Cathy Overton-Clapham82 Switzerland Mirjam Ott79
China Zhou Yan86 Russia Nkeiruka Ezekh81 Russia Olga Jarkova82 Scotland Eve Muirhead79
Switzerland Janine Greiner85 China Yue Qingshuang80 Denmark Denise Dupont81 Denmark Madeleine Dupont78
Russia Ekaterina Galkina85 Denmark Angelina Jensen79 China Liu Yin80 Germany Andrea Schöpp77
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