1470 Carla

1470 Carla, provisional designation 1938 SD, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter.

1470 Carla
Discovery[1]
Discovered byA. Bohrmann
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date17 September 1938
Designations
(1470) Carla
Named after
Carla Ziegler
(discoverer's friend)[2]
1938 SD · 1930 DE
1955 UN
main-belt · (outer)[3]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 16 February 2017 (JD 2457800.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc78.15 yr (28,546 days)
Aphelion3.3771 AU
Perihelion2.9416 AU
3.1594 AU
Eccentricity0.0689
5.62 yr (2,051 days)
1.2909°
0° 10m 31.8s / day
Inclination3.2126°
358.43°
341.84°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions31.66±10.19 km[4]
34.092±5.538 km[5]
34.28±0.84 km[6]
36.94 km (derived)[3]
36.97±1.1 km (IRAS:22)[7]
6.15±0.040 h[8]
6.1514±0.0002 h[9]
6.154±0.0028 h[10]
0.0470 (derived)[3]
0.0515±0.003 (IRAS:22)[7]
0.06±0.09[4]
0.0605±0.0181[5]
0.062±0.003[6]
C[3]
10.800±0.120 (R)[8] · 10.947±0.001 (R)[10] · 11.0[5][6] · 11.1[1][3] · 11.18[4] · 11.43±0.35[11]

    It was discovered on 17 September 1938, by German astronomer Alfred Bohrmann at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany.[12] It was named after a friend of the discoverer's family, Carla Ziegler.[2]

    Description

    Carla orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.9–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,051 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.07 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] It was first identified as 1930 DE at Heidelberg 1930. The body's observation arc, however, begins the night prior to its official discovery observation in 1938.[12]

    Physical characteristics

    Rotation period

    In September 2011, a rotational lightcurve of Carla was obtained from photometric observations by astronomer Frederick Pilcher at Organ Mesa Observatory (G50) near Las Cruces, New Mexico. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 6.1514 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.25 magnitude (U=3).[9] in 2014, two additional lightcurves in the R-band, obtained at the Palomar Transient Factory, California, gave a period of 6.15 and 6.154 hours with an amplitude of 0.24 and 0.25, respectively (U=2/2).[8][10]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Carla measures between 31.66 and 36.97 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.051 and 0.062.[4][5][6][7] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link classifies the body as a carbonaceous C-type asteroid, derives an albedo of 0.047 with a diameter of 36.94 kilometers and an absolute magnitude of 11.1.[3]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named in honor of Carla Ziegler, a friend of the Bohrmann family at Heidelberg.[2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center in October 1954 (M.P.C. 1129).[13]

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1470 Carla (1938 SD)" (2016-11-11 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1470) Carla". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 117–118. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1471. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (1470) Carla". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 3 April 2017.
    4. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
    5. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    6. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    7. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
    8. Chang, Chan-Kao; Ip, Wing-Huen; Lin, Hsing-Wen; Cheng, Yu-Chi; Ngeow, Chow-Choong; Yang, Ting-Chang; et al. (August 2015). "Asteroid Spin-rate Study Using the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 219 (2): 19. arXiv:1506.08493. Bibcode:2015ApJS..219...27C. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/219/2/27. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
    9. Pilcher, Frederick (April 2012). "Rotation Period Determinations for 31 Euphrosyne, 65 Cybele, 154 Bertha 177 Irma, 200 Dynamene, 724 Hapag, 880 Herba, and 1470 Carla". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 39 (2): 57–60. Bibcode:2012MPBu...39...57P. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
    10. Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv:1504.04041. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...75W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
    11. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
    12. "1470 Carla (1938 SD)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
    13. Schmadel, Lutz D. "Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 221. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4. ISBN 978-3-642-01964-7.

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