1444 Pannonia

1444 Pannonia (prov. designation: 1938 AE) is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 29 kilometers (18 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 6 January 1938, by Hungarian astronomer György Kulin at Konkoly Observatory in Budapest, Hungary.[17] It was named after the ancient province of the Roman Empire, Pannonia.[3]

1444 Pannonia
Modelled shape of Pannonia from its lightcurve
Discovery[1]
Discovered byG. Kulin
Discovery siteKonkoly Obs.
Discovery date6 January 1938
Designations
(1444) Pannonia
Pronunciation/pəˈnoʊniə/[2]
Named after
Pannonia (ancient province)[3]
1938 AE
main-belt · (outer)[4]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 16 February 2017 (JD 2457800.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc78.23 yr (28,575 days)
Aphelion3.5915 AU
Perihelion2.7128 AU
3.1521 AU
Eccentricity0.1394
5.60 yr (2,044 days)
268.73°
0° 10m 33.96s / day
Inclination17.761°
303.33°
310.87°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
26.363±0.141 km[5][6]
27.14 km (derived)[4]
28±3 km[7]
28.3±2.8 km[8]
29.20±2.2 km[9]
30.48±0.53 km[10]
30.92±9.63 km[11]
31.49±9.20 km[12]
6.2±0.1 h[13]
6.205±0.003 h[13]
10.756±0.006 h[14]
0.04±0.02[11]
0.05±0.06[12]
0.0501 (derived)[4]
0.053±0.005[5][6]
0.07±0.01[7][8]
0.070±0.003[10]
0.4748±0.081[9]
C[4]
9.10[9] · 11.10[10] · 11.18±0.62[15] · 11.30[7][8][12] · 11.4[1] · 11.7[4][5][16] · 11.73[11]

    Orbit and classification

    Pannonia is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.7–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,044 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 18° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] Pannonia's observation arc begins 3 weeks after its official discovery at Konkoly, as no precoveries were taken, and no prior identifications were made.[17]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named for Pannonia, an ancient province of the Roman Empire, which was partially located over the territory of the present-day western Hungary.[3] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 February 1980 (M.P.C. 5183).[18]

    Physical characteristics

    Rotation period

    In April 2001, astronomer Colin Bembrick obtained the first rotational lightcurve of Pannonia at Tarana Observatory (431) in Australia. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 10.756 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.16 magnitude (U=3).[14] In 2002 and 2004, photometric observations by French astronomers Laurent Bernasconi and Bernard Christophe Additional periods of 6.2 and 6.205 hours with an amplitude of 0.57 and 0.37, respectively (U=2-/2).[13]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Pannonia measures between 26.36 and 31.49 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.04 and 0.47.[5][8][9][10][11][12] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0501 and a diameter of 27.14 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.7.[4]

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1444 Pannonia (1938 AE)" (2016-04-01 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
    2. "Pannonia". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1444) Pannonia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 116. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1445. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "LCDB Data for (1444) Pannonia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 5 January 2017.
    5. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv:1109.4096. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...68M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. Retrieved 5 January 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
    7. Alí-Lagoa, V.; de León, J.; Licandro, J.; Delbó, M.; Campins, H.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; et al. (June 2013). "Physical properties of B-type asteroids from WISE data". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 554: 16. arXiv:1303.5487. Bibcode:2013A&A...554A..71A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220680. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
    8. Alí-Lagoa, V.; Licandro, J.; Gil-Hutton, R.; Cañ; ada-Assandri, M.; Delbo', M.; et al. (June 2016). "Differences between the Pallas collisional family and similarly sized B-type asteroids" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 591: 11. Bibcode:2016A&A...591A..14A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527660. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
    9. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    10. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    11. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
    12. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
    13. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1444) Pannonia". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
    14. Bembrick, C.; Pereghy, B.; Ainsworth, T. (June 2002). "Lightcurves and Period Determination for 1444 Pannonia". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 29: 21–22. Bibcode:2002MPBu...29...21B. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
    15. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
    16. Faure, Gerard; Garret, Lawrence (December 2007). "Suggested Revised H Values of Selected Asteroids: Report Number 3". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 34 (4): 95–99. Bibcode:2007MPBu...34...95F. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
    17. "1444 Pannonia (1938 AE)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
    18. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
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