1388 Aphrodite

1388 Aphrodite (prov. designation: 1935 SS) is an asteroid of the Eos family from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 22 kilometers (14 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 24 September 1935, by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle.[1] The likely elongated K-type asteroid has a rotation period of 11.9 hours.[7] It was named after the Greek goddess Aphrodite from Greek mythology.[3]

1388 Aphrodite
Shape model of Aphrodite from its lightcurve
Discovery[1]
Discovered byE. Delporte
Discovery siteUccle Obs.
Discovery date24 September 1935
Designations
(1388) Aphrodite
Pronunciation/æfroʊˈdaɪtiː/[2]
Named after
Aphrodite[3]
(Greek goddess)
1935 SS · A914 TC
main-belt[1][4] · (outer)
Eos[5][6][7]
AdjectivesAphrodisian /æfroʊˈdɪziən/[8]
Orbital characteristics[4]
Epoch 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc83.08 yr (30,344 d)
Aphelion3.2896 AU
Perihelion2.7485 AU
3.0190 AU
Eccentricity0.0896
5.25 yr (1,916 d)
35.092°
0° 11m 16.44s / day
Inclination11.192°
54.359°
257.03°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
21.355±0.282 km[9][10]
21.636±0.079 km[11]
23.00±0.48 km[12]
23.17±0.55 km[13]
25.22±2.8 km[14]
11.9432±0.0004 h[15]
0.1317[14]
0.144[13]
0.152[12]
0.1801[11]
0.184[9]
K (family-based)[16]
B–V = 0.860[5]
U–B = 0.490[5]
10.81[9][11][14]
10.9[1][4][7][12][13]

    Orbit and classification

    Aphrodite is a core member of the Eos family (606),[5][6] the largest asteroid family in the outer main belt consisting of nearly 10,000 asteroids.[16] It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.7–3.3 AU once every 5 years and 3 months (1,916 days; semi-major axis of 3.02 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 11° with respect to the ecliptic.[4] The body's observation arc begins at Johannesburg Observatory in September 1939, just four nights after its official discovery observation at Uccle.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named from Greek mythology after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, beauty, and sexuality, and daughter of Zeus and the Titaness Dione. The asteroid's name was proposed by the German Astronomisches Rechen-Institut (RI 1702). The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 126).[3]

    Physical characteristics

    While the asteroid's spectral type is unknown,[5] Aphrodite, with a geometric albedo of around 0.15 (see asteroid-family list), is likely a K-type asteroid, which is typically associated with members of the Eos family.[16]

    Rotation period and poles

    In May 2007, a rotational lightcurve of Aphrodite was obtained from photometric observations by Julian Oey at the Kingsgrove Observatory (E19) in Australia in collaboration with other observatories. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 11.9432±0.0004 hours and a brightness variation of 0.65 magnitude (U=3), indicative for an elongated, non-spherical shape.[15] Alternative period determinations by Alvaro Alvarez-Candal (9 h; Δ 0.4 mag) in 2004,[17] René Roy (11.88 h; Δ 0.34 mag) in 2006,[18] and Kevin Ivarsen (11.95 h; Δ 0.35 mag) in 2003,[19] received a lower rating (U=2/2+/2).[7]

    A modeled lightcurve using photometry obtained from public databases and through a large collaboration network as well as sparse-in-time individual measurements from a few sky surveys was published in 2016 and 2018.[7][20] Most recent results gave a concurring sidereal period of 11.94389±0.00002 hours, as well as two spin axes at (325.0°, 35.0°) and (137.0°, 66.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).[20]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Aphrodite measures between 21.4 and 25.2 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.13 and 0.18.[9][10][11][12][13][14] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1217 and a diameter of 25.17 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.9.[7]

    References
    1. "1388 Aphrodite (1935 SS)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
    2. "Aphrodite". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1388) Aphrodite". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 112. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1389. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1388 Aphrodite (1935 SS)" (2018-10-22 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
    5. "Asteroid 1388 Aphrodite". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
    6. "Asteroid (1388) Aphrodite – Proper elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
    7. "LCDB Data for (1388) Aphrodite". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 12 December 2018.
    8. "aphrodisian". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
    9. Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR–A–COMPIL–5–NEOWISEDIAM–V1.0. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
    10. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. S2CID 119293330.
    11. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. S2CID 35447010. (catalog)
    12. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    13. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. S2CID 46350317.
    14. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0: IRAS–A–FPA–3–RDR–IMPS–V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
    15. Oey, Julian; Krajewski, Ric (June 2008). "Lightcurve Analysis of Asteroids from Kingsgrove and Other Collaborating Observatories in the First Half of 2007". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 35 (2): 47–48. Bibcode:2008MPBu...35...47O. ISSN 1052-8091.
    16. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families". Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131. S2CID 119280014.
    17. Alvarez-Candal, Alvaro; Duffard, René; Angeli, Cláudia A.; Lazzaro, Daniela; Fernández, Silvia (December 2004). "Rotational lightcurves of asteroids belonging to families". Icarus. 172 (2): 388–401. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..388A. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.008.
    18. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1388) Aphrodite". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
    19. Ivarsen, Kevin; Willis, Sarah; Ingleby, Laura; Matthews, Dan; Simet, Melanie (June 2004). "CCD observations and period determination of fifteen minor planets". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 31 (2): 29–33. Bibcode:2004MPBu...31...29I. ISSN 1052-8091.
    20. Hanus, J.; Delbo', M.; Alí-Lagoa, V.; Bolin, B.; Jedicke, R.; Durech, J.; et al. (January 2018). "Spin states of asteroids in the Eos collisional family". Icarus. 299: 84–96. arXiv:1707.05507. Bibcode:2018Icar..299...84H. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.07.007. S2CID 118855039.
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