1238 Predappia

1238 Predappia, provisional designation 1932 CA, is a dark Adeonian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 21 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 February 1932, by astronomer Luigi Volta at the Observatory of Turin in Pino Torinese, Italy.[15] It was later named after the Italian village of Predappio.[2]

1238 Predappia
Discovery[1]
Discovered byL. Volta
Discovery sitePino Torinese Obs.
Discovery date4 February 1932
Designations
(1238) Predappia
Named after
Predappio[2] (Italian town)
1932 CA · 1954 EQ
1961 XU
main-belt · (middle)
Eunomia[3] · Adeona[4]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc80.42 yr (29,372 days)
Aphelion3.0430 AU
Perihelion2.2905 AU
2.6667 AU
Eccentricity0.1411
4.35 yr (1,591 days)
225.94°
0° 13m 34.68s / day
Inclination12.155°
51.944°
91.913°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions19.91 km (derived)[3]
19.96±1.0 km[5]
20.606±0.058 km[6]
21.204±0.206 km[7]
21.70±6.92 km[8]
27.09±1.02 km[9]
32.14±6.44 km[10]
6.13±0.04 h (poor)[11]
8.94±0.02 h[12][lower-alpha 1]
24 h (poor)[13]
0.02±0.02[10]
0.042±0.004[9]
0.0447±0.0040[7]
0.05±0.05[8]
0.0644 (derived)[3]
0.070±0.007[6]
0.0771±0.008[5]
S (assumed)[3]
11.90[5][7][9] · 12.10[1][3][8][10] · 12.12±0.18[14]

    Orbit and classification

    Predappia is a member of the Adeona family (505),[4] a large family of carbonaceous asteroids in the intermediary main belt, named after 145 Adeona. It is also dynamically classified as a member of the Eunomia family (502), the largest in the intermediate main belt with more than 5,000 stony asteroids.[3][16]: 23 

    It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.3–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 4 months (1,591 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins at Uccle in March 1941, more than 9 years after to its official discovery observation at Pino Torinese.[15]

    Physical characteristics

    Predappia's spectral type is unknown. Although the LCDB assumes an S-type (due to its dynamical classification to the stony Eunomia family), a low albedo of 0.0644 is derived (see below) which is typical for carbonaceous C-type asteroids and in agreement with the overall spectral type of the Adeona family (505).[3][16]: 23 

    Rotation period

    Photometric observations of the asteroid during 2006 by Brian Warner at the Palmer Divide Observatory (716) in Colorado Springs, Colorado, were used to generate a lightcurve with a period of 8.94 ± 0.02 hours and a variation in brightness of 0.03 ± 0.01 magnitude (U=2-).[12][lower-alpha 1] Other observations obtained a poorly rated lightcurve with a divergent period of 6.13 and 24 hours, respectively.[11][13]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Predappia measures between 19.96 and 32.14 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.02 and 0.0771.[5][6][7][8][9][10]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0644 and a diameter of 19.91 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.1.[3]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the Italian village of Predappio near Forli, known for being the birthplace of Benito Mussolini, the founder of Italian Fascism and Italian Dictator until 1942. The author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Lutz Schmadel, contacted Italian astronomer Paul G. Comba, who confirmed that this naming was "another clear instance of homage to him".[2] Predappio has become a site of pilgrimage for Italian and other neofascists.[17][18]

    Notes
    1. Lightcurve plot of 1238 Predappia, Palmer Divide Observatory, Brian D. Warner (2006). Summary figures at the LCDB

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1238 Predappia (1932 CA)" (2017-09-30 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1238) Predappia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 103. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1239. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (1238) Predappia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 27 October 2017.
    4. "Asteroid 1238 Predappia – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
    5. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
    7. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    8. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
    9. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    10. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63.
    11. Hayes-Gehrke, Melissa N.; Chuchuva, Dmitriy; Kumthekar, Aboli; Modica, Amanda; Higgins, Annalynn; Gmurczyk, Benjamin; et al. (October 2015). "Lightcurve Analysis for 1238 Predappia". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 42 (4): 240. Bibcode:2015MPBu...42..240H. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
    12. Warner, Brian D. (September 2006). "Asteroid lightcurve analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory - late 2005 and early 2006". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 33 (3): 58–62. Bibcode:2006MPBu...33...58W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
    13. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1238) Predappia". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
    14. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
    15. "1238 Predappia (1932 CA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
    16. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families". Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.
    17. "Neo-Fascists In Italy Gather For 90th Anniversary Of March On Rome" by Marco Pasqua, Huffington Post, 27 October 2012
    18. "Inside the Mussolini Museum" by Barbie Latza Nadeau, The Daily Beast, 26 April 2015

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