105-Man Incident

The 105-Man Incident (Korean: 105인 사건) or Seoncheon Incident (선천사건[1]) was the 1911 arrest of over 700 Koreans during the Japanese colonial period.

105-Man Incident
Photo taken during the incident
Korean name
Hangul
105인 사건
Hanja
百五人事件
Revised RomanizationBaego-in Sageon
McCune–ReischauerPaego-in Sagŏn
Alternate name
Hangul
선천사건
Hanja
宣川事件
Revised RomanizationSeoncheon Sageon
McCune–ReischauerSŏnch'ŏn Sagŏn

In 1911, apparently as a result of several Korean attempts in 1910 to assassinate Terauchi Masatake, the Governor-General of Korea arrested over 700 Koreans, many of whom were Christian. In 1912, the Governor-General sent 122 of those arrested to the Court of Justice, and 105 of them were sentenced to imprisonment with hard labor. In the end, only six Koreans had their sentences imposed, but even they were released in 1915 after being granted amnesty.[2]

Details

The incident began in Sensen, a coastal town in Heian-hoku Prefecture. On December 28, 1910, the American missionary George McCune met with Terauchi. The Japanese claimed it was an assassination attempt and arrested over 700 Koreans starting in October 1911. Lead Christian members of Sinminhoe (a Korean independence movement) were specifically targeted in the arrests, and as a result, the organization was dissolved. In particular, notable activists Kim Ku, Cha Yi-seok, and Yang Jeon-baek were imprisoned. A trial of 123 defendants held on June 28, 1912, took place without evidence and confessions were extracted under torture. 105 were found to be guilty of treason and sentenced to forced labor.

Western View

Initially, westerners were accepting of the incident as they had a favorable view of the Japanese and thought it might be necessary in the time of change. However, when the missionaries began feeling victimized, they distanced themselves from the Japanese government and outside pressure finally forced them to grant amnesty to the prisoners in 1915.[3]

See also

References
  1. 105인 사건 (in Korean)
  2. Akifumi Nagata (2005). "American Missionaries in Korea and U.S.-Japan Relations 1910–1920" (PDF). The Japanese Journal of American Studies. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-05-27. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
  3. Nagata, Akifumi. "American Missionaries in Korea and U.S.-Japan Relations 1910-1920" (PDF). The Japanese Journal of American Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2013.


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