1031 Arctica

1031 Arctica, provisional designation 1924 RR, is a dark asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 75 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 6 June 1924, by Soviet−Russian astronomer Sergey Belyavsky at Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula.[13] It was named for the Arctic Sea.[2]

1031 Arctica
Discovery[1]
Discovered byS. Belyavskyj
Discovery siteSimeiz Obs.
Discovery date6 June 1924
Designations
(1031) Arctica
Pronunciation/ˈɑːrtɪkə/
Named after
Arctic Ocean[2]
1924 RR · A910 VB
A913 JA
main-belt · (outer)[3]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 16 February 2017 (JD 2457800.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc92.59 yr (33,820 days)
Aphelion3.2208 AU
Perihelion2.8767 AU
3.0487 AU
Eccentricity0.0564
5.32 yr (1,944 days)
242.71°
0° 11m 6.72s / day
Inclination17.634°
218.92°
307.14°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions73.83±20.13 km[4]
74.78±19.68 km[5]
75.400±0.497 km[6]
75.47±1.5 km (IRAS:21)[7]
75.784±1.399 km[8]
77.28±1.05 km[9]
87.61±0.64 km[10]
51.0 h[11]
51.0±0.5 h[12]
51±2 h[12]
0.035±0.004[10]
0.04±0.01[4]
0.04±0.03[5]
0.044±0.001[9]
0.0461±0.0046[8]
0.0465±0.002 (IRAS:21)[7]
B–V = 0.680[1]
U–B = 0.325[1]
Tholen = CX:[1] · CX:[3]
9.51[5] · 9.56[1][3][4][7][8][9][10]

    Classification and orbit

    Arctica orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.9–3.2 AU once every 5 years and 4 months (1,944 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 18° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] Prior to its discovery, Arctica was identified as A910 VB and A913 JA at Collurania and Johannesburg in 1910 and 1913, respectively. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Simeiz in 1924.[13]

    Physical characteristics

    In the Tholen taxonomic classification scheme, Arctica is a rather rare CX: type, an intermediary between the carbonaceous C and X-type asteroids (also see category listing).[1]

    Rotation period

    In February 1992, the first rotational lightcurve of Arctica was obtained by Italian astronomer Mario Di Martino at Torino Observatory, using the ESO 1-metre telescope at La Silla in Chile. It gave a rotation period of 51.0 hours with a change in brightness of 0.22 magnitude (U=2).[11]

    Since then, photometric observations were taken by French amateur astronomers Raymond Poncy (2005), René Roy (2010) and Patrick Sogorb (2016), giving an identical period of 51 hours, based on a fragmentary and poorly rated lightcurve (U=1/n.a./1).[12] While Arctica has a much longer period than most minor planets, it is not a slow rotator, which have periods up to a 1000 or more hours.

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the space-based surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Arctica measures between 73.83 and 77.28 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a low albedo between 0.04 and 0.047 (without preliminary results).[4][5][6][7][9] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0465 and a diameter of 75.47 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 9.56.[3]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named for the Arctic Sea,[2] located in the Northern Hemisphere and the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions. Naming citation was first published in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 98).[2]

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1031 Arctica (1924 RR)" (2017-01-09 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1031) Arctica". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1031) Arctica. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 89. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1032. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (1031) Arctica". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 27 January 2017.
    4. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
    5. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
    7. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    8. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    9. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    10. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
    11. di Martino, M.; Dotto, E.; Cellino, A.; Barucci, M. A.; Fulchignoni, M. (July 1995). "Intermediate size asteroids: Photoelectric photometry of 8 objects". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 112: 1. Bibcode:1995A&AS..112....1D. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
    12. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1031) Arctica". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
    13. "1031 Arctica (1924 RR)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 27 January 2017.

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