< Sanskrit
Gender and ending
Sanskrit nouns come in the three standard genders: masculine, neuter, and feminine. A noun's declension class depends on its gender and ending. Most nouns end in vowels, with some ending in consonants.
Feminine noun endings
Feminine nouns may end in आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, or ऋ.
Masculine noun endings
Masculine nouns may end in अ, इ, उ, or ऋ.
Number and Case
In dictionaries, Sanskrit nouns are often listed in root-form (मूलरुप). Sanskrit nouns are highly inflected, and change form depending on the number (singular (ऐक वचन), dual (द्वि वचन), and plural (बहु वचन)) and the case (nominative, accusative, instrumental, dative, ablative, genitive, or locative).
Masculine noun endings
Masculine nouns may end in अ, इ, उ, or ऋ.
| Case | एक | दि्व | बहु | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom | कूपः | कूपौ | कूपाः | Subject |
| Acc | कूपम् | कूपौ | कूपान् | Direct Object |
| Ins | कूपेन | कूपाभ्याम् | कूपैः | By; With; By Means of |
| Dat | कूपाय | कूपाभ्याम् | कूपेभ्यः | To; For |
| Abl | कूपात् | कूपाभ्याम् | कूपेभ्यः | From; Out of; Than |
| Gen | कूपस्य | कूपयोः | कूपानाम् | (Apostrophe) 's; Of; Belonging to |
| Loc | कूपे | कूपयोः | कूपेषु | In; On; At; Among |
| Voc | भोः/ हे कूप | भोः/ हे कूपौ | भोः/ हे कूपाः | Hello; Oh!; Hey!; Hey, you! |
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